College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
Cryobiology. 2023 Sep;112:104562. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104562. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Carbohydrate, lipid and protein, the three main storage reserves of seeds, are the main sources of raw materials and energy for seed germination and early growth stage of seedlings. In this study, the seed of 16 Asteraceae herbaceous ornamentals were used to compare the changes in seed germination, seedling growth indexes and four major storage reserves of seeds before and after cryopreservation. After cryopreservation, seed germination and seedling growth were preserved in most species (11/16), while one species showed significantly improved post-thaw germination and four had decreased germination. In seeds with preserved germination, no clear variation was noted with regards to the four kinds of storage reserves, or only a slight change in one. However, significantly reduced soluble protein, soluble sugar and fat content and increased starch content were detected in seeds showing reduced germination after cryopreservation. The correlation study further showed that the changes in seed germination were positively correlated with soluble protein, soluble sugar and fat, and negatively correlated with starch. In seedling growth indexes, only cotyledon area was correlated to the content of soluble protein, starch, fat, and seed germination after cryopreservation. These results support the use of soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch and fat as indicators of seed germination after cryopreservation, but not for predicting the seedling growth indexes.
碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质是种子的三种主要储存物质，是种子萌发和幼苗早期生长阶段的原料和能量的主要来源。本研究选用 16 种菊科草本花卉种子，比较了种子在冷冻保存前后的萌发、幼苗生长指标和四种主要储存物质的变化。冷冻保存后，大多数物种（11/16）的种子萌发和幼苗生长得到了保存，而有 1 种物种的解冻后萌发率显著提高，4 种物种的萌发率降低。在萌发得到保存的种子中，四种储存物质没有明显变化，或者只有一种物质略有变化。然而，在冷冻保存后萌发率降低的种子中，检测到可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脂肪含量显著降低，淀粉含量增加。相关性研究进一步表明，种子萌发的变化与可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脂肪呈正相关，与淀粉呈负相关。在幼苗生长指标中，只有子叶面积与冷冻保存后的可溶性蛋白、淀粉、脂肪和种子萌发呈正相关。这些结果支持将可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉和脂肪作为冷冻保存后种子萌发的指标，但不能用于预测幼苗生长指标。
