被诊断患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍的患者使用精神活性物质：一项探索性研究。
Psychoactive substance use in patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory study.
作者信息
Więckiewicz Gniewko, Stokłosa Iga, Stokłosa Maciej, Więckiewicz Włodzimierz, Gorczyca Piotr, Gondek Tomasz M
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
出版信息
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 11;14:1184023. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184023. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally treated as a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in children and tends to diminish or disappear with age, but we now know that symptoms persist into adulthood in over 50% of ADHD patients. Undiagnosed individuals often turn to psychoactive substance to minimize the negative aspects of functioning and improve quality of life.
METHODS
The study was conducted online using random sampling through a Facebook group administered by physicians and targeted to patients diagnosed with ADHD. The study was naturalistic and exploratory, therefore no hypothesis was made. 438 correctly completed questionnaires were received. Analysis of the results showed that people with ADHD turn to psychoactive substances relatively frequently.
RESULTS
The most commonly used stimulants include alcohol, marijuana, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine/methamphetamine, and psilocybin. In the study population, methylphenidate is the most commonly used drug among patients. After treatment with psychostimulants, the majority of respondents note a decrease in symptoms of hyperactivity disorder, especially in male patients.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to perform proper diagnostics and actively look for ADHD symptoms in patients who tend to use psychoactive substances.
引言
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）最初被视为一种主要发生在儿童身上的神经发育障碍，且往往会随着年龄增长而减轻或消失，但我们现在知道，超过50%的ADHD患者症状会持续到成年期。未被诊断出的个体常常求助于精神活性物质，以尽量减少功能方面的负面影响并提高生活质量。
方法
该研究通过医生管理的Facebook群组进行在线随机抽样，目标群体为被诊断患有ADHD的患者。该研究是自然主义和探索性的，因此未提出假设。共收到438份正确填写的问卷。结果分析表明，ADHD患者相对频繁地求助于精神活性物质。
结果
最常用的兴奋剂包括酒精、大麻、3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸）、苯丙胺/甲基苯丙胺和裸盖菇素。在研究人群中，哌醋甲酯是患者中最常用的药物。在使用精神兴奋剂治疗后，大多数受访者指出多动障碍症状有所减轻，尤其是男性患者。
结论
有必要对倾向于使用精神活性物质的患者进行适当诊断，并积极寻找ADHD症状。
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