Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2237645. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2237645.
The world is witnessing a global increase in the urban population, particularly in developing Asian and African countries. Concomitantly, the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising, markedly associated with the changing landscape of lifestyle and environment during urbanization. Accumulating studies have revealed the role of the gut microbiome in regulating the immune and metabolic homeostasis of the host, which potentially bridges external factors to the host (patho-)physiology. In this review, we discuss the rising incidences of NCDs during urbanization and their links to the compositional and functional dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. In particular, we elucidate the effects of urbanization-associated factors (hygiene/pollution, urbanized diet, lifestyles, the use of antibiotics, and early life exposure) on the gut microbiome underlying the pathogenesis of NCDs. We also discuss the potential and feasibility of microbiome-inspired and microbiome-targeted approaches as novel avenues to counteract NCDs, including fecal microbiota transplantation, diet modulation, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, celobiotics, and precision antibiotics.
世界正见证着全球城市人口的增长，特别是在发展中国家的亚洲和非洲国家。与此同时，非传染性疾病（NCDs）的全球负担正在上升，这与城市化过程中生活方式和环境的变化明显相关。越来越多的研究揭示了肠道微生物组在调节宿主免疫和代谢平衡中的作用，这可能将外部因素与宿主（病理）生理学联系起来。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了城市化过程中 NCDs 发病率的上升及其与肠道微生物组组成和功能失调的关系。特别是，我们阐明了城市化相关因素（卫生/污染、城市化饮食、生活方式、抗生素的使用和早期生活暴露）对 NCDs 发病机制下肠道微生物组的影响。我们还讨论了基于微生物组的方法和针对微生物组的方法作为对抗 NCDs 的新途径的潜力和可行性，包括粪便微生物群移植、饮食调节、益生菌、后生元、合生菌、纤维素和精准抗生素。
