Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2023 Sep;26(3):727-750. doi: 10.1007/s10567-023-00446-3. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
The present article reviews the current status of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions for anxiety and depression in Japanese youth. First, a literature review of youth CBT programs for anxiety and depression is provided. Through this process, we identify which program/protocol has been most researched within Japan. Second, through a systematic interview to the authors, the development process of four predominant programs is outlined. The programs included were a family CBT program for anxiety disorders (the Japanese Anxiety Children/Adolescents Cognitive Behavior Therapy program), two school-based prevention programs for anxiety and depression (Journey of the Brave and Phoenix Time), and a transdiagnostic protocol for anxiety and depression (Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents). Third, cultural adaptation and modification of the programs are discussed from the scope of user-centered design principles as described by Lyon and Koerner (Sci Pract 23:180-200, 2016). As a result, changes in program content and material, as represented by the use of culture-friendly program names, acronyms, illustrations, and characters were endorsed in all of the programs. Structured but flexible session formats helped increase learnability and efficiency while keeping the cognitive load of providers and consumers low. A careful selection of providers, as well as quality training and consultation are important factors to maximize competency and ensure appropriate implementation. Application of existing time frames and staff who work in each setting were effective ways to increase scalability. Overall, it was shown that many of the modifications adopted overlap among successful programs; these represent the most basic and essential requirements for a program to be applicable to a wide range of contexts. Implications and further directions are explored.
本文综述了认知行为疗法（CBT）干预日本青少年焦虑和抑郁的现状。首先，对青少年焦虑和抑郁的 CBT 方案进行文献回顾。通过这个过程，我们确定了日本研究最多的方案/方案。其次，通过对作者进行系统访谈，概述了四个主要方案的开发过程。包括一个针对焦虑障碍的家庭 CBT 方案（日本焦虑儿童/青少年认知行为疗法方案）、两个针对焦虑和抑郁的学校预防方案（勇敢之旅和凤凰时间）以及一个针对焦虑和抑郁的跨诊断方案（儿童情绪障碍的统一跨诊断治疗方案和青少年情绪障碍的统一跨诊断治疗方案）。第三，从莱昂和科纳（Sci Pract 23:180-200, 2016）描述的以用户为中心的设计原则的角度讨论了方案的文化适应性和修改。结果，所有方案都认可了方案内容和材料的变化，例如使用友好文化的方案名称、缩写、插图和角色。结构化但灵活的会议格式有助于提高可学习性和效率，同时降低提供者和消费者的认知负担。精心挑选的提供者，以及高质量的培训和咨询是最大限度地提高能力并确保适当实施的重要因素。应用现有的时间框架和在每个环境中工作的人员是提高可扩展性的有效方法。总体而言，结果表明，许多采用的修改方案之间存在重叠；这些是方案适用于广泛背景的最基本和必要的要求。探讨了其意义和进一步的方向。
