Zaira Bena, Yulianti Trilis, Levita Jutti
Student at Master Program in Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia.
Prodia Education and Research Institute, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023 Jul 8;45(7):5725-5740. doi: 10.3390/cimb45070361.
In general, an individual who experiences the symptoms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 infection is declared as recovered after 2 weeks. However, approximately 10-20% of these survivors have been reported to encounter long-term health problems, defined as 'long COVID-19', e.g., blood coagulation which leads to stroke with an estimated incidence of 3%, and pulmonary embolism with 5% incidence. At the time of infection, the immune response produces pro-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate stromal cells to produce pro-hepatocyte growth factor (pro-HGF) and eventually is activated into hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which helps the coagulation process in endothelial and epithelial cells. HGF is a marker that appears as an inflammatory response that leads to coagulation. Currently, there is no information on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on serum HGF concentrations as a marker of the prognosis of coagulation in long COVID-19 survivors. This review discusses the pathophysiology between COVID-19 and HGF, IL-6, and D-dimer.
一般来说，出现严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染症状的个体在2周后被宣布康复。然而，据报道，这些幸存者中约有10%-20%会出现长期健康问题，即“长新冠”，例如凝血导致中风，估计发病率为3%，肺栓塞发病率为5%。在感染时，免疫反应会产生促炎细胞因子，刺激基质细胞产生促肝细胞生长因子（pro-HGF），最终激活为肝细胞生长因子（HGF），这有助于内皮细胞和上皮细胞的凝血过程。HGF是一种作为导致凝血的炎症反应而出现的标志物。目前，尚无关于SARS-CoV-2感染对血清HGF浓度影响的信息，而血清HGF浓度可作为长新冠幸存者凝血预后的标志物。本综述讨论了新冠病毒疾病（COVID-19）与HGF、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和D-二聚体之间的病理生理学关系。
