Loi Giada, Scocozza Franca, Aliberti Flaminia, Rinvenuto Lorenza, Cidonio Gianluca, Marchesi Nicola, Benedetti Laura, Ceccarelli Gabriele, Conti Michele
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Gels. 2023 Jul 24;9(7):595. doi: 10.3390/gels9070595.
Cells are influenced by several biomechanical aspects of their microenvironment, such as substrate geometry. According to the literature, substrate geometry influences the behavior of muscle cells; in particular, the curvature feature improves cell proliferation. However, the effect of substrate geometry on the myogenic differentiation process is not clear and needs to be further investigated. Here, we show that the 3D co-printing technique allows the realization of substrates. To test the influence of the co-printing technique on cellular behavior, we realized linear polycaprolactone substrates with channels in which a fibrinogen-based hydrogel loaded with C2C12 cells was deposited. Cell viability and differentiation were investigated up to 21 days in culture. The results suggest that this technology significantly improves the differentiation at 14 days. Therefore, we investigate the substrate geometry influence by comparing three different co-printed geometries-linear, circular, and hybrid structures (linear and circular features combined). Based on our results, all structures exhibit optimal cell viability (>94%), but the linear pattern allows to increase the in vitro cell differentiation, in particular after 14 days of culture. This study proposes an endorsed approach for creating artificial muscles for future skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications.
细胞受到其微环境的几个生物力学方面的影响,例如基质几何形状。根据文献,基质几何形状会影响肌肉细胞的行为;特别是,曲率特征可改善细胞增殖。然而,基质几何形状对成肌分化过程的影响尚不清楚,需要进一步研究。在这里,我们表明3D共打印技术可以实现基质的制备。为了测试共打印技术对细胞行为的影响,我们制备了带有通道的线性聚己内酯基质,并在其中沉积了负载C2C12细胞的基于纤维蛋白原的水凝胶。在培养长达21天的时间内研究了细胞活力和分化情况。结果表明,该技术在14天时显著改善了分化。因此,我们通过比较三种不同的共打印几何形状——线性、圆形和混合结构(线性和圆形特征相结合)来研究基质几何形状的影响。根据我们的结果,所有结构都表现出最佳的细胞活力(>94%),但线性模式可提高体外细胞分化,特别是在培养14天后。本研究为未来骨骼肌组织工程应用创建人工肌肉提出了一种认可的方法。