Philpott Stacy M, Lucatero Azucena, Andrade Sofie, Hernandez Cameron, Bichier Peter
Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Insects. 2023 Jun 23;14(7):576. doi: 10.3390/insects14070576.
(1) Urbanization threatens biodiversity, yet urban native plants support native biodiversity, contributing to conservation and ecosystem services. Within urban agroecosystems, where non-native plants are abundant, native plants may boost the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods. Nevertheless, current information focuses on pollinators, with little attention being paid to other beneficials, like natural enemies. (2) We examined how the species richness of native plants, garden management, and landscape composition influence the abundance and species richness of all, native, and non-native bees, ladybeetles, ants, and ground-foraging spiders in urban agroecosystems (i.e., urban community gardens) in California. (3) We found that native plants (~10% of species, but only ~2.5% of plant cover) had little influence on arthropods, with negative effects only on non-native spider richness, likely due to the low plant cover provided by native plants. Garden size boosted native and non-native bee abundance and richness and non-native spider richness; floral abundance boosted non-native spider abundance and native and non-native spider richness; and mulch cover and tree and shrub abundance boosted non-native spider richness. Natural habitat cover promoted non-native bee and native ant abundance, but fewer native ladybeetle species were observed. (4) While native plant richness may not strongly influence the abundance and richness of beneficial arthropods, other garden management features could be manipulated to promote the conservation of native organisms or ecosystem services provided by native and non-native organisms within urban agroecosystems.
（1）城市化威胁生物多样性，但城市本土植物能支持本土生物多样性，对生物保护和生态系统服务做出贡献。在非本土植物丰富的城市农业生态系统中，本土植物可能会增加有益节肢动物的数量和种类。然而，目前的信息主要集中在传粉者上，很少关注其他有益生物，如天敌。（2）我们研究了本土植物的物种丰富度、花园管理和景观组成如何影响加利福尼亚城市农业生态系统（即城市社区花园）中所有蜜蜂、本土蜜蜂、非本土蜜蜂、瓢虫、蚂蚁和地面觅食蜘蛛的数量和物种丰富度。（3）我们发现本土植物（约占物种的10%，但仅占植物覆盖面积的约2.5%）对节肢动物影响不大，仅对非本土蜘蛛的丰富度有负面影响，这可能是由于本土植物提供的植物覆盖面积较低。花园面积增加了本土和非本土蜜蜂的数量和丰富度以及非本土蜘蛛的丰富度；花卉丰富度增加了非本土蜘蛛的数量以及本土和非本土蜘蛛的丰富度；覆盖物覆盖以及树木和灌木的数量增加了非本土蜘蛛的丰富度。自然栖息地覆盖促进了非本土蜜蜂和本土蚂蚁的数量，但观察到的本土瓢虫物种较少。（4）虽然本土植物丰富度可能不会强烈影响有益节肢动物的数量和丰富度，但可以通过操纵其他花园管理特征来促进城市农业生态系统中本土生物的保护或本土和非本土生物提供的生态系统服务。
