Gil Óscar, Hernández-Pabón Juan Camilo, Tabares Bryan, Lugo-Sánchez Carlos, Firacative Carolina
Group MICROS Research Incubator, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia.
Unidad de Extensión Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogota 111411, Colombia.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;9(7):747. doi: 10.3390/jof9070747.
Systemic infections caused by rare yeasts are increasing given the rise in immunocompromised or seriously ill patients. Even though globally, the clinical significance of these emerging opportunistic yeasts is increasingly being recognized, less is known about the epidemiology of rare yeasts in Latin America. This review collects, analyzes, and contributes demographic and clinical data from 495 cases of infection caused by rare yeasts in the region. Among all cases, 32 species of rare yeasts, distributed in 12 genera, have been reported in 8 Latin American countries, with (49.5%), (11.1%), and (7.8%) the most common species found. Patients were mostly male (58.3%), from neonates to 84 years of age. Statistically, surgery and antibiotic use were associated with higher rates of infections, while central venous catheter, leukemia, and cancer were associated with higher rates of infections. From all cases, fungemia was the predominant diagnosis (50.3%). Patients were mostly treated with amphotericin B (58.7%). Crude mortality was 40.8%, with a higher risk of death from fungemia and infections. Culture was the main diagnostic methodology. Antifungal resistance to one or more drugs was reported in various species of rare yeasts.
随着免疫功能低下或重症患者数量的增加，由罕见酵母菌引起的全身感染正在增多。尽管在全球范围内，这些新出现的机会性酵母菌的临床意义越来越受到认可，但拉丁美洲罕见酵母菌的流行病学情况却鲜为人知。本综述收集、分析并提供了该地区495例由罕见酵母菌引起的感染病例的人口统计学和临床数据。在所有病例中，8个拉丁美洲国家报告了分布于12个属的32种罕见酵母菌，其中 （49.5%）、 （11.1%）和 （7.8%）是最常见的菌种。患者以男性居多（58.3%），年龄从新生儿到84岁不等。从统计学上看，手术和抗生素使用与 感染率较高相关，而中心静脉导管、白血病和癌症与 感染率较高相关。在所有病例中，真菌血症是主要诊断（50.3%）。患者大多接受两性霉素B治疗（58.7%）。粗死亡率为40.8%，真菌血症和 感染导致死亡的风险更高。培养是主要的诊断方法。多种罕见酵母菌菌种报告了对一种或多种药物的抗真菌耐药性。
