Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Autophagy. 2023 Dec;19(12):3033-3061. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2238577. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Reproduction is characterized by a series of massive renovations at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Recent studies have strongly tended to reveal the involvement of basic molecular pathways such as autophagy, a highly conserved eukaryotic cellular recycling, during reproductive processes. This review comprehensively describes the current knowledge, updated to September 2022, of autophagy contribution during reproductive processes in males including spermatogenesis, sperm motility and viability, and male sex hormones and females including germ cells and oocytes viability, ovulation, implantation, fertilization, and female sex hormones. Furthermore, the consequences of disruption in autophagic flux on the reproductive disorders including oligospermia, azoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, globozoospermia, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and other disorders related to infertility are discussed as well. AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; E estrogen; EDs: endocrine disruptors; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; FOX: forkhead box; GCs: granulosa cells; HIF: hypoxia inducible factor; IVF: in vitro fertilization; IVM: in vitro maturation; LCs: Leydig cells; LDs: lipid droplets; LH: luteinizing hormone; LRWD1: leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; P: progesterone; PCOS: polycystic ovarian syndrome; PDLIM1: PDZ and LIM domain 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; POI: premature ovarian insufficiency; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SCs: Sertoli cells; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TSGA10: testis specific 10; TST: testosterone; VCP: vasolin containing protein.
生殖过程的特点是在分子、细胞和组织水平上进行一系列大规模的改造。最近的研究强烈倾向于揭示基本分子途径的参与，如自噬，一种高度保守的真核细胞回收，在生殖过程中。这篇综述全面描述了自噬在雄性生殖过程中的作用，包括精子发生、精子活力和活力，以及雄性性激素和雌性生殖细胞和卵子活力、排卵、着床、受精和雌性性激素的最新知识，更新至 2022 年 9 月。此外，还讨论了自噬流中断对生殖障碍的影响，包括少精子症、无精子症、弱精子症、畸形精子症、球形精子症、卵巢早衰、多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症和其他与不孕相关的疾病。AKT/蛋白激酶 B: AKT 丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶;AMPK: AMP 激活的蛋白激酶;ATG: 自噬相关;E 雌激素;EDs: 内分泌干扰物;内质网;FSH: 卵泡刺激素;FOX: 叉头框;GCs: 颗粒细胞;HIF: 缺氧诱导因子;体外受精;体外成熟;LCs: Leydig 细胞;LDs: 脂滴;LH: 促黄体生成素;LRWD1: 亮氨酸丰富重复和 WD 重复域包含 1;MAP1LC3: 微管相关蛋白 1 轻链 3;MAPK: 有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶;MTOR: 雷帕霉素靶蛋白激酶;NFKB/NF-kB: 核因子 kappa B;P: 孕激素;PCOS: 多囊卵巢综合征;PDLIM1: PDZ 和 LIM 域 1;PI3K: 磷酸肌醇 3-激酶;PtdIns3P: 磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸;PtdIns3K: 类 III 磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶;POI: 卵巢早衰;ROS: 活性氧;SCs: Sertoli 细胞;SQSTM1/p62: 自噬体 1;TSGA10: 睾丸特异性 10;TST: 睾酮;VCP: 含血管蛋白。
