Kholif Ahmed E
Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Vet Sci. 2023 Jul 10;10(7):450. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10070450.
Saponins are steroid, or triterpene glycoside, compounds found in plants and plant products, mainly legumes. However, some plants containing saponins are toxic. Saponins have both positive and negative roles in animal nutrition. Saponins have been shown to act as membrane-permeabilizing, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolaemic, and defaunating agents in the rumen for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation. Moreover, it has been reported that saponins have impair protein digestion in the gut to interact with cholesterol in the cell membrane, cause cell rupture and selective ruminal protozoa elimination, thus improving N-use efficiency and resulting in a probable increase in ruminant animal performance.
皂苷是存在于植物和植物产品（主要是豆类）中的类固醇或三萜糖苷化合物。然而，一些含有皂苷的植物是有毒的。皂苷在动物营养中具有正负两方面的作用。已表明皂苷在瘤胃中可作为膜通透剂、免疫刺激剂、降胆固醇剂和除虫剂，用于调控瘤胃发酵。此外，据报道，皂苷会损害肠道中的蛋白质消化，与细胞膜中的胆固醇相互作用，导致细胞破裂并选择性地消除瘤胃原生动物，从而提高氮利用效率，并可能提高反刍动物的生产性能。
