Donadio Giuliana, Bellone Maria Laura, Mensitieri Francesca, Parisi Valentina, Santoro Valentina, Vitiello Maria, Dal Piaz Fabrizio, De Tommasi Nunziatina
Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Bioactiplant SRL, Via Dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, PZ, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jul 8;12(7):1402. doi: 10.3390/antiox12071402.
Plants of genus (Asteraceae) can be used as vegetables with higher nutritional value and as medicinal plants. This genus has beneficial properties owing to the presence of a number of specialized metabolites such as alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. L., known as escarole, has achieved a common food status due to its nutritionary value, bitter taste, and the presence of healthy components, and is eaten cooked or raw in salads. Presently, wastes derived from the horticultural crops supply chain are generated in very large amounts. Vegetable waste comprises the discarded leaves of food sources produced during collection, handling, transportation, and processing. The external leaves of L. are a horticultural crop that is discarded. In this work, the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from discarded leaves of three cultivars of escarole ( var. 'Capriccio', var. 'Performance' and 'Leonida') typical horticultural crop of the Campania region were investigated. In order to describe a metabolite profile of cultivars, the extracts were analysed by HR/ESI/Qexactive/MS/MS and NMR. The careful analysis of the accurate masses, the ESI/MS spectra, and the H NMR chemical shifts allowed for the identification of small molecules belonging to phenolic, flavonoid, sesquiterpene, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acid classes. In addition, the antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using cell-free and cell-based assays, as well as their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity. All the extracts showed similar radical-scavenging ability while significant differences between the three investigated cultivars emerged in the cell-based assays. The obtained data were ascribed to the content of polyphenols and sesquiterpenes in the extracts. Accordingly, by-products can be deemed an interesting material for healthy product formulations.
菊苣属（菊科）植物可用作具有较高营养价值的蔬菜和药用植物。由于该属植物含有多种特殊代谢产物，如生物碱、倍半萜内酯、香豆素、不饱和脂肪酸、黄酮类化合物、皂苷和单宁，因此具有有益特性。宽叶菊苣，因其营养价值、苦味和健康成分而成为常见的食物，可煮熟食用或用于制作沙拉。目前，园艺作物供应链产生的废弃物数量巨大。蔬菜废弃物包括在收集、处理、运输和加工过程中产生的食物来源的废弃叶子。宽叶菊苣的外部叶子是一种被丢弃的园艺作物。在这项研究中，对从坎帕尼亚地区典型园艺作物的三个宽叶菊苣品种（宽叶菊苣‘Capriccio’变种、宽叶菊苣‘Performance’变种和‘Leonida’）的废弃叶子中获得的水醇提取物的植物化学特征、抗氧化和抗炎活性进行了研究。为了描述这些品种的代谢产物特征，通过高分辨电喷雾电离/四极杆-轨道阱高分辨质谱仪/串联质谱仪和核磁共振对提取物进行了分析。对精确质量数、电喷雾电离/质谱光谱和氢核磁共振化学位移的仔细分析，使得能够鉴定出属于酚类、黄酮类、倍半萜类、氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸类别的小分子。此外，还使用无细胞和基于细胞的试验评估了提取物的抗氧化潜力，以及它们的细胞毒性和抗炎活性。所有提取物都表现出相似的自由基清除能力，而在基于细胞的试验中，三个研究品种之间出现了显著差异。所得数据归因于提取物中多酚和倍半萜的含量。因此，这些副产品可被视为健康产品配方的有趣材料。
