Kostić Aleksandar Ž, Milinčić Danijel D, Špirović Trifunović Bojana, Nedić Nebojša, Gašić Uroš M, Tešić Živoslav Lj, Stanojević Sladjana P, Pešić Mirjana B
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department for Pesticides and Herbology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;12(7):1424. doi: 10.3390/antiox12071424.
The aim of this study was to compile a detailed phytochemical profile and assess the antioxidant properties of bee-collected pollen (PBP) obtained from corn poppy ( L.) plants. To achieve this, a lipid fraction was prepared for quantifying fatty acids using GC-FID. Extractable and alkaline-hydrolysable PBP fractions (obtained from a defatted sample) were used to determine the qualitative and quantitative profiles of phenolic compounds, phenylamides and alkaloids using UHPLC/Q-ToF-MS. Additionally, various spectrophotometric assays (TAC, FRP, CUPRAC, DPPH) were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties. Phenolic compounds were more present in the extractable fraction than in the alkaline-hydrolysable fraction. Luteolin was the predominant compound in the extractable fraction, followed by tricetin and various derivatives of kaempferol. This study presents one of the first reports on the quantification of tricetin aglycone outside the Myrtaceae plant family. The alkaline-hydrolysable fraction exhibited a different phenolic profile, with a significantly lower amount of phenolics. Kaempferol/derivatives, specific compounds like ferulic and 5-carboxyvanillic acids, and (epi)catechin 3--gallate were the predominant compounds in this fraction. Regarding phenylamides, the extractable fraction demonstrated a diverse range of these bioactive compounds, with a notable abundance of different spermine derivatives. In contrast, the hydrolysable fraction contained six spermine derivatives and one spermidine derivative. The examined fractions also revealed the presence of seventeen different alkaloids, belonging to the benzylisoquinoline, berberine and isoquinoline classes. The fatty-acid profile confirmed the prevalence of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, both fractions exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with the extractable fraction showing particularly high activity. Among the assays conducted, the CUPRAC assay highlighted the exceptional ability of PBP's bioactive compounds to reduce cupric ions.
本研究的目的是编制一份详细的植物化学概况，并评估从虞美人（Papaver rhoeas L.）植物采集的蜂花粉（PBP）的抗氧化特性。为此，制备了脂质部分，使用气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）对脂肪酸进行定量。从脱脂样品中获得的可提取和碱水解PBP部分用于使用超高效液相色谱/四极杆飞行时间质谱（UHPLC/Q - ToF - MS）测定酚类化合物、苯酰胺和生物碱的定性和定量概况。此外，进行了各种分光光度法测定（总抗氧化能力（TAC）、铁还原能力（FRP）、铜离子还原抗氧化能力测定（CUPRAC）、1,1 - 二苯基 - 2 - 苦基肼自由基清除能力（DPPH））以评估抗氧化特性。酚类化合物在可提取部分中的含量高于碱水解部分。木犀草素是可提取部分中的主要化合物，其次是三羟基黄酮和山奈酚的各种衍生物。本研究是关于桃金娘科植物家族以外三羟基黄酮定量的首批报告之一。碱水解部分呈现出不同的酚类概况，酚类含量显著较低。山奈酚/衍生物、阿魏酸和5 - 羧基香草酸等特定化合物以及（表）儿茶素3 - 没食子酸酯是该部分中的主要化合物。关于苯酰胺，可提取部分展示了这些生物活性化合物的多种类型，其中不同的精胺衍生物含量显著。相比之下，水解部分含有六种精胺衍生物和一种亚精胺衍生物。所检测的部分还显示存在十七种不同的生物碱，属于苄基异喹啉、小檗碱和异喹啉类。脂肪酸概况证实了不饱和脂肪酸的普遍性。此外，两个部分均表现出显著的抗氧化活性，可提取部分的活性尤其高。在所进行的测定中，CUPRAC测定突出了PBP生物活性化合物还原铜离子的卓越能力。
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