Kostić Aleksandar Ž, Milinčić Danijel D, Nedić Nebojša, Gašić Uroš M, Špirović Trifunović Bojana, Vojt Denis, Tešić Živoslav Lj, Pešić Mirjana B
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jul 7;10(7):1091. doi: 10.3390/antiox10071091.
The current study intended to determine, for the first time, phenolic and fatty acid profile, antioxidant and certain nutritional properties of monofloral bee-collected artichoke () pollen. Based on UHPLC-DAD MS-MS analysis the main phenolics in extractable fraction were different flavonol glycosides (in particular Isorhamnetin-3--glucoside, 49.2 mg/kg of dry weight) while ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound (39.4 mg/kg of dry weight) in the alkaline hydrolyzable fraction. Among fatty acids (FAs), results of GC-FID analysis revealed prevalence of unsaturated FAs with -5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and oleic acid as the main ones- 28.4% and 24.9%, respectively. Based on the FA composition, nutritional analysis proved that artichoke bee-collected pollen had balanced ω-6 and ω-3 FAs content. To determine the antioxidant properties of pollen, five different assays were applied. It was proved that bioactive compounds in artichoke pollen possessed significant ability to quench DPPH radical as well as ABTS radical cation. In addition, in vitro phosphomolybdenum assay confirmed that artichoke pollen is an excellent source of different antioxidants. Pollen extracts exhibited moderate ferric reducing power as well as low ferrous chelating ability. Some further antioxidant studies (preferably in vivo) should be performed to confirm the observed results.
本研究首次旨在测定单花蜜蜂采集的洋蓟花粉的酚类和脂肪酸谱、抗氧化及某些营养特性。基于超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-串联质谱分析，可提取部分的主要酚类物质为不同的黄酮醇糖苷（特别是异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷，干重为49.2毫克/千克），而阿魏酸是碱水解部分中主要的酚类化合物（干重为39.4毫克/千克）。在脂肪酸（FAs）中，气相色谱-火焰离子化检测分析结果显示不饱和脂肪酸占优势，其中5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和油酸是主要的不饱和脂肪酸，分别占28.4%和24.9%。基于脂肪酸组成，营养分析证明洋蓟蜜蜂采集花粉的ω-6和ω-3脂肪酸含量均衡。为了测定花粉的抗氧化特性，应用了五种不同的分析方法。结果证明洋蓟花粉中的生物活性化合物具有显著的清除DPPH自由基以及ABTS阳离子自由基的能力。此外，体外磷钼酸分析证实洋蓟花粉是不同抗氧化剂的优质来源。花粉提取物表现出适度的铁还原能力以及较低的亚铁螯合能力。应进行一些进一步的抗氧化研究（最好是体内研究）以证实观察结果。
