Díaz-Ferguson Edgardo, Chial Magaly, Gonzalez Maribel, Muñoz Edgardo, Chen Olga, Durán Ovidio, Vega Angel Javier, Delgado Carlos Ramos
Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA AIP), Gustavo Lara Street, Bld. 145B, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama City 0843-01853, Panama.
Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824-3366, Panama.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 12;13(14):2272. doi: 10.3390/ani13142272.
Fish tissue samples from 203 adult individuals were collected in the main ports and markets of the Pacific coast of Panama. Molecular identification based on a cytochrome oxidase I gene segment of all species was verified by GENBANK reference sequences. A total of 34 species from 14 families (Ariidae, Caranjidae, Centropomidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Lobotidae, Lutjanidae, Malacanthidae, Mugilidae, Scianidae, Scombridae, Serranidae, Sphyraenidae, Stromateidae) were identified at the species level from 164 sequences. Additionally, three Caribbean species were molecularly identified among the analyzed samples (, and ). Species diversity was slightly higher in the Gulf of Panama than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. For species with five or more individual sequences, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity parameters such as total number of haplotypes (), haplotype diversity (), and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. Overall, pelagic-migratory species showed higher values of genetic diversity than coastal and estuarine species with some exceptions. Connectivity between Gulf areas was compared using values of genetic distances and genetic differentiation (). The high level of connectivity observed between the Gulf of Chiriqui and the Gulf of Montijo indicates the existence of a single stock in that area for the following species: , and . The demographic history of the most common species was examined using Tajima's D values, suggesting population expansion for two snapper species, and , having significant and higher values. Another important contribution from this research was the production of primers and dual-labeled probes for environmental DNA detection using qPCR for the five most abundant species (spotted rose snapper, yellow snapper, green jack, Pacific crevalle jack and the Pacific sierra fish). These markers represent a new set of tools for environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and molecular traceability of three commercially important fish species along the supply chain including landing sites and markets of the main fishery areas.
在巴拿马太平洋沿岸的主要港口和市场采集了203个成年个体的鱼类组织样本。基于所有物种细胞色素氧化酶I基因片段的分子鉴定通过GENBANK参考序列进行了验证。从164个序列中在物种水平上鉴定出了来自14个科（海鲶科、裸颊鲷科、尖吻鲈科、银鲈科、石鲈科、松鲷科、笛鲷科、弱棘鱼科、鲻科、鲷科、鲭科、鮨科、魣科、鲳科）的34个物种。此外，在分析样本中分子鉴定出了三种加勒比物种（、和）。巴拿马湾的物种多样性略高于奇里基湾。对于具有五个或更多个体序列的物种，计算了遗传多样性和遗传连通性参数，如单倍型总数（）、单倍型多样性（）和核苷酸多样性（π）。总体而言，除了一些例外情况，远洋洄游物种的遗传多样性值高于沿海和河口物种。使用遗传距离和遗传分化值（）比较了海湾地区之间的连通性。在奇里基湾和蒙蒂霍湾之间观察到的高连通性水平表明，以下物种在该地区存在单一种群：、和。使用 Tajima's D 值检查了最常见物种的种群历史，表明两种鲷鱼物种和的种群扩张，其值显著且更高。这项研究的另一个重要贡献是为使用qPCR进行环境DNA检测生产了针对五种最丰富物种（斑鳍笛鲷、黄笛鲷、绿鯥、太平洋军曹鱼和太平洋锯盖鱼）的引物和双标记探针。这些标记代表了一组新的工具，用于环境DNA（eDNA）检测以及对包括主要渔区的上岸地点和市场在内的供应链中三种商业重要鱼类物种的分子溯源。
