Biodes Laboratorios Soluciones Integrales S.C.R.L., Tumbes, Perú.
Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes, Instituto del Mar del Perú-IMARPE, Tumbes, Perú.
PLoS One. 2018 Nov 16;13(11):e0206596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206596. eCollection 2018.
Peru is one of the world's leading fishing nations and its seafood industry relies on the trade of a vast variety of aquatic resources, playing a key role in the country's socio-economic development. DNA barcoding has become of paramount importance for systematics, conservation, and seafood traceability, complementing or even surpassing conventional identification methods when target organisms show similar morphology during the early life stages, have recently diverged, or have undergone processing. Aiming to increase our knowledge of the species diversity available across the Peruvian supply chain (from fish landing sites to markets and restaurants), we applied full and mini-barcoding approaches targeting three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S, and 12S) and the control region to identify samples purchased at retailers from six departments along the north-central Peruvian coast. DNA barcodes from 131 samples were assigned to 55 species (plus five genus-level taxa) comprising 47 families, 24 orders, and six classes including Actinopterygii (45.03%), Chondrichthyes (36.64%), Bivalvia (6.87%), Cephalopoda (6.11%), Malacostraca (3.82%), and Gastropoda (1.53%). The identified samples included commercially important pelagic (anchovy, bonito, dolphinfish) and demersal (hake, smooth-hound, Peruvian rock seabass, croaker) fish species. Our results unveiled the marketing of protected and threatened species such as whale shark, Atlantic white marlin, smooth hammerhead (some specimens collected during closed season), shortfin mako, and pelagic thresher sharks. A total of 35 samples (26.72%) were mislabeled, including tilapia labeled as wild marine fish, dolphinfish and hake labeled as grouper, and different shark species sold as "smooth-hounds". The present study highlights the necessity of implementing traceability and monitoring programs along the entire seafood supply chain using molecular tools to enhance sustainability efforts and ensure consumer choice.
秘鲁是世界领先的渔业国家之一，其海鲜产业依赖于各种水产资源的贸易，在该国的社会经济发展中发挥着关键作用。DNA 条形码对于系统学、保护和海鲜可追溯性变得至关重要，它补充了甚至超越了传统的识别方法，特别是在目标生物在早期生活阶段表现出相似的形态、最近分化或经过加工时。为了增加我们对秘鲁供应链中可用物种多样性的了解（从鱼类登陆点到市场和餐馆），我们应用了全条形码和迷你条形码方法，针对三个线粒体基因（COI、16S 和 12S）和控制区，以识别在秘鲁中北部沿海六个地区的零售商购买的样本。从 131 个样本中提取的 DNA 条形码被分配到 55 个物种（加上 5 个属级分类群），包括 47 个科、24 个目和 6 个纲，包括硬骨鱼纲（45.03%）、软骨鱼纲（36.64%）、双壳纲（6.87%）、头足纲（6.11%）、软甲纲（3.82%）和腹足纲（1.53%）。鉴定的样本包括商业上重要的远洋（凤尾鱼、鲣鱼、金枪鱼）和底栖（鳕鱼、石斑鱼、秘鲁岩鲈、石首鱼）鱼类。我们的结果揭示了一些受保护和受威胁物种的销售情况，如鲸鲨、大西洋蓝马林鱼、短吻真鲨（一些在禁渔期收集的标本）、短鳍灰鲭鲨和远洋长尾鲨。共有 35 个样本（26.72%）被误贴标签，包括被标记为野生海洋鱼类的罗非鱼、被标记为石斑鱼的金枪鱼和鳕鱼，以及不同的鲨鱼种类被标记为“石首鱼”。本研究强调了在整个海鲜供应链中使用分子工具实施可追溯性和监测计划的必要性，以加强可持续性努力并确保消费者的选择。
