Millán-Laleona Adrián, Bielsa Francisco Javier, Aranda-Cañada Eduardo, Gómez-Rincón Carlota, Errea Pilar, López Víctor
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain.
Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jun 21;12(7):891. doi: 10.3390/biology12070891.
Apples ( Borkh.) have a great agricultural and economic impact worldwide; they also present an interesting nutritional value, and their consumption has been associated with beneficial health effects. In this study, 15 apple varieties (three commercial, 12 autochthonous genotypes) were collected from mountainous areas in Spain and were evaluated for their phenolic content, antioxidant, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. Quercetin was tested as the reference substance in bioassays due to its role as one of the most common flavonoids in apples and other vegetables. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of apple pulp extracts was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) scavenging assays. Antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential were evaluated by inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (α-GLU), advance glycation end products (AGEs) formation and pancreatic lipase. The results showed in general higher phenol content in autochthonous varieties than in commercial apple pulp extracts. Phenolic-rich extracts showed better antioxidant profiles and significantly inhibited AGEs production and the α-glucosidase enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. None of them showed pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects but in general, the genotype known as "Amarilla de Octubre" was the best in terms of TPC and bioactive properties.
苹果（蔷薇科苹果属）在全球范围内具有重大的农业和经济影响；它们还具有有趣的营养价值，食用苹果与有益健康的效果相关联。在本研究中，从西班牙山区收集了15个苹果品种（3个商业品种，12个本地基因型），并对其酚类含量、抗氧化、抗肥胖和抗糖尿病活性进行了评估。槲皮素作为生物测定中的参考物质进行了测试，因为它是苹果和其他蔬菜中最常见的黄酮类化合物之一。苹果果肉提取物的总酚含量（TPC）采用福林-酚法进行定量。抗氧化活性通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）清除法和黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶（X/XO）清除法进行测定。通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶（α-GLU）、晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）的形成和胰脂肪酶来评估抗糖尿病和抗肥胖潜力。结果表明，总体上本地品种的酚含量高于商业苹果果肉提取物。富含酚类的提取物表现出更好的抗氧化特性，并以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制AGEs的产生和α-葡萄糖苷酶。它们均未表现出胰脂肪酶抑制作用，但总体而言 在总酚含量和生物活性方面，名为“十月黄”的基因型表现最佳。
