Hafez Abdulwahab M, Abbas Naeem
Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jul 19;12(7):1021. doi: 10.3390/biology12071021.
L., a pest of animals and humans, has developed resistance to alpha-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control medically important pests in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. We investigated the mechanism underlying the development of alpha-cypermethrin resistance and life history characteristics of alpha-cypermethrin-susceptible (Alpha-SS) and alpha-cypermethrin-resistant (Alpha-RS) using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, which is crucial for developing a future rational management strategy and minimizing the negative effects of alpha-cypermethrin on the environment. Our results showed that Alpha-RS had a 405.93-fold increase in resistance to alpha-cypermethrin relative to Alpha-SS . This increase in the resistance toward insecticide was attributed to metabolic enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases, specific esterases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Furthermore, Alpha-RS exhibited lower relative fitness (0.50), longevity, survival rate, life expectancy, reproductive values, intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, fecundity, maternity, and finite rate of increase, along with shorter larval, female preadult, and adult durations than Alpha-SS , indicating fitness costs associated with most parameters. However, no significant differences were found between the strains in the following parameters: egg, pupa, and male preadult durations; adult preoviposition, total preoviposition, and oviposition periods; female ratio; and total generation time. Additionally, Alpha-RS had a markedly lower intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, and finite rate of increase than Alpha-SS . The results of this study suggest that alpha-cypermethrin resistance may lead to dominant fitness costs in . Overall, these findings will aid in the development of rational control strategies for as well as help to reduce pesticide pollution.
L. 是一种危害动物和人类的害虫，已对氯氰菊酯产生抗性。氯氰菊酯是一种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，在包括沙特阿拉伯在内的许多国家常用于控制具有医学重要性的害虫。我们利用年龄-阶段两性生命表理论研究了氯氰菊酯抗性产生的机制以及氯氰菊酯敏感品系（Alpha-SS）和氯氰菊酯抗性品系（Alpha-RS）的生活史特征，这对于制定未来合理的管理策略以及将氯氰菊酯对环境的负面影响降至最低至关重要。我们的结果表明，相对于Alpha-SS，Alpha-RS对氯氰菊酯的抗性增加了405.93倍。对杀虫剂抗性的增加归因于代谢酶，如谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、特定酯酶和细胞色素P450单加氧酶。此外，与Alpha-SS相比，Alpha-RS表现出较低的相对适合度（0.50）、寿命、存活率、预期寿命、繁殖值、内禀增长率、净繁殖率、繁殖力、产仔数和有限增长率，同时幼虫、雌性成虫前期和成虫期持续时间更短，表明大多数参数存在适合度代价。然而，在以下参数方面，两个品系之间未发现显著差异：卵、蛹和雄性成虫前期持续时间；成虫产卵前期、总产卵前期和产卵期；雌性比例；以及世代总时间。此外，Alpha-RS的内禀增长率、净繁殖率和有限增长率明显低于Alpha-SS。本研究结果表明，氯氰菊酯抗性可能导致L. 出现显著的适合度代价。总体而言，这些发现将有助于制定L. 的合理控制策略，并有助于减少农药污染。
