Nayduch Dana, Neupane Saraswoti, Pickens Victoria, Purvis Tanya, Olds Cassandra
Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Microorganisms. 2023 Feb 25;11(3):583. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030583.
House flies are well recognized as filth-associated organisms and public nuisances. House flies create sanitation issues when they bridge the gap between microbe-rich breeding environments and animal/human habitations. Numerous scientific surveys have demonstrated that house flies harbor bacterial pathogens that pose a threat to humans and animals. More extensive and informative surveys incorporating next-generation sequencing technologies have shown that house fly carriage of pathogens and harmful genetic elements, such as antimicrobial resistance genes, is more widespread and dangerous than previously thought. Further, there is a strong body of research confirming that flies not only harbor but also transmit viable, and presumably infectious, bacterial pathogens. Some pathogens replicate and persist in the fly, permitting prolonged shedding and dissemination. Finally, although the drivers still have yet to be firmly determined, the potential range of dissemination of flies and their associated pathogens can be extensive. Despite this evidence, the house flies' role as reservoirs, disseminators, and true, yet facultative, vectors for pathogens have been greatly underestimated and underappreciated. In this review, we present key studies that bolster the house fly's role both an important player in microbial ecology and population biology and as transmitters of microbial threats to animal and human health.
家蝇是公认的与污物相关的生物和公共害虫。当家蝇在富含微生物的繁殖环境与动物/人类栖息地之间架起桥梁时，就会引发卫生问题。众多科学调查表明，家蝇携带对人类和动物构成威胁的细菌病原体。采用下一代测序技术进行的更广泛、更具信息量的调查显示，家蝇携带病原体和有害遗传元件（如抗菌抗性基因）的情况比以前认为的更为普遍和危险。此外，有大量研究证实，苍蝇不仅携带而且传播有活力且可能具有传染性的细菌病原体。一些病原体在苍蝇体内复制并持续存在，从而允许长期传播和扩散。最后，尽管传播驱动因素尚未完全确定，但苍蝇及其相关病原体的潜在传播范围可能很广。尽管有这些证据，但家蝇作为病原体的储存宿主、传播者以及真正但兼性的载体的作用一直被严重低估和忽视。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一些关键研究，这些研究支持家蝇在微生物生态学和种群生物学中作为重要角色以及作为对动物和人类健康构成微生物威胁的传播者的作用。
