Calcaterra Valeria, Magenes Vittoria Carlotta, Tagi Veronica Maria, Grazi Roberta, Bianchi Alice, Cena Hellas, Zuccotti Gianvincenzo, Fabiano Valentina
Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 19;10(7):1243. doi: 10.3390/children10071243.
Pubertal development represents the process of physical maturation where an adolescent reaches sexual maturity and attains reproductive function. The effects of vitamin D are mainly mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is expressed in almost all body cells, including the ovary and human pituitary gland and animal hypothalamus. Thus, vitamin D has gained great interest as pathogenic factor of pubertal disorders and fertility. This narrative review aimed to provide a broad overview of the available literature regarding the association between vitamin D levels, puberty timing, and age at menarche. A review of the data on the involvement of micronutrient deficiency, as a modifiable cause of pubertal disorders, is important for the prediction and prevention of deficiencies as well as for fertility protection and should be considered a public health priority. Reported data support that vitamin D is a regulator of neuroendocrine and ovarian physiology and, more in detail, a deficiency of vitamin D is involved in altered pubertal timing. Considering the long-term consequences of early pubertal development and early menarche, the detection of modifiable causes is crucial in preventive strategies. Future studies in humans and with an increased scale are needed to elucidate the vitamin D role in sexual maturation and puberty development.
青春期发育代表了身体成熟的过程，在此过程中青少年达到性成熟并具备生殖功能。维生素D的作用主要由维生素D受体（VDR）介导，该受体几乎在身体所有细胞中都有表达，包括卵巢、人体垂体以及动物下丘脑。因此，维生素D作为青春期疾病和生育能力的致病因素已引起了极大关注。本叙述性综述旨在全面概述现有文献中关于维生素D水平、青春期时间和初潮年龄之间的关联。对作为青春期疾病可改变病因的微量营养素缺乏相关数据进行综述，对于预测和预防缺乏症以及保护生育能力很重要，应被视为公共卫生优先事项。报告的数据支持维生素D是神经内分泌和卵巢生理学的调节因子，更具体地说，维生素D缺乏与青春期时间改变有关。考虑到青春期过早发育和初潮过早的长期后果，在预防策略中发现可改变的病因至关重要。需要开展更多大规模的人体研究，以阐明维生素D在性成熟和青春期发育中的作用。
