Trapp Wolfgang, Heid Andreas, Röder Susanne, Wimmer Franziska, Hajak Göran
Department of Psychiatry, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, St.-Getreu-Straße 18, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.
Department of Physiological Psychology, Otto-Friedrich University Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96045 Bamberg, Germany.
Brain Sci. 2023 Jul 10;13(7):1052. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13071052.
(1) Background: Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are still underdiagnosed in the general population. Impaired odor identification has been identified as an early marker of MCI and dementia. We aimed to compare the additional diagnostic value of two odor identification tests to a cognitive screening test in detecting MCI or dementia. (2) Methods: The Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test (SS-OIT), a brief odor identification test (B-OIT) requiring the identification of coffee scent, and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) were administered to a consecutive series of 174 patients (93 with dementia, 42 with mild cognitive impairment, and 39 without cognitive impairment) referred for neuropsychological testing. (3) Results: Both participants with dementia and with MCI exhibited impairments in odor identification. The SS-OIT and the B-OIT were substantially correlated. Complementing MMSE scores with the SS-OIT or the B-OIT similarly improved the diagnostic accuracy of individuals with dementia and MCI. (4) Conclusions: People with suspected dementia or MCI may already benefit from brief odor identification tests. Although these tests require little additional time, they can notably increase sensitivity for dementia or MCI.
(1) 背景：痴呆症和轻度认知障碍（MCI）在普通人群中仍未得到充分诊断。气味识别受损已被确定为MCI和痴呆症的早期标志物。我们旨在比较两种气味识别测试相对于认知筛查测试在检测MCI或痴呆症方面的额外诊断价值。(2) 方法：对连续转诊进行神经心理学测试的174例患者（93例痴呆症患者、42例轻度认知障碍患者和39例无认知障碍患者）进行了嗅觉棒气味识别测试（SS - OIT）、一种需要识别咖啡气味的简短气味识别测试（B - OIT）和简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）。(3) 结果：痴呆症患者和MCI患者在气味识别方面均表现出受损。SS - OIT和B - OIT显著相关。用SS - OIT或B - OIT补充MMSE分数同样提高了痴呆症患者和MCI患者的诊断准确性。(4) 结论：疑似痴呆症或MCI的患者可能已经从简短的气味识别测试中受益。虽然这些测试几乎不需要额外时间，但它们可以显著提高对痴呆症或MCI的敏感性。
