Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Chem Senses. 2019 Jul 17;44(6):365-369. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjz025.
The objective of this study was to determine the long-term test-retest reliability of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and its individual items, in cognitively intact older adults. A community sample of older adults received a neuropsychological test battery, including the 12-item, 6-trial Selective Reminding Test (SRT). The UPSIT was administered at baseline and follow-up that occurred between 1 and 4 years after baseline. UPSIT scores of participants who were cognitively intact and did not decline cognitively were examined for test-retest reliability. In 92 older adults with mean age 77.6 years followed for 2.79 (standard deviation [SD] 0.69) years, mean UPSIT score declined from 30.29 (SD 5.83) to 27.80 (SD 5.50). In linear mixed models that adjusted for time, age, sex, and education, intraclass correlation coefficients for UPSIT were 0.65, SRT delayed recall 0.59, and SRT total immediate recall 0.49. Among 4 possible response combinations, the largest proportion of participants had correct responses at both visits for 35 out of 40 items. Consistency of item responses ranged from 50% to 90% across the 2 time points. The long-term test-retest reliability of the UPSIT was moderately strong without practice effects over long periods of time in older adults. These results provide indirect support to prior findings on odor identification impairment predicting cognitive decline and dementia, and suggest potential use of olfactory testing as a biomarker in prevention and treatment trials of cognitive enhancers.
本研究旨在确定宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试（UPSIT）及其单项在认知正常的老年人群中的长期测试-重测信度。一个认知正常的老年人群体接受了神经心理学测试组合，包括 12 项、6 次选择提醒测试（SRT）。UPSIT 在基线和随访时进行，随访时间在基线后 1 至 4 年之间。对认知正常且认知未下降的参与者的 UPSIT 分数进行了测试-重测信度检验。在 92 名年龄平均为 77.6 岁、随访时间平均为 2.79 年（标准差 [SD] 0.69 年）的老年人中，UPSIT 评分从 30.29（SD 5.83）下降到 27.80（SD 5.50）。在调整了时间、年龄、性别和教育的线性混合模型中，UPSIT 的组内相关系数为 0.65，SRT 延迟回忆为 0.59，SRT 总即刻回忆为 0.49。在 4 种可能的反应组合中，40 个项目中有 35 个项目的参与者在两次访问中都有正确的反应，比例最大。在 2 个时间点上，项目反应的一致性从 50%到 90%不等。在认知正常的老年人中，UPSIT 的长期测试-重测信度较强，在长时间内没有练习效应。这些结果为先前关于气味识别障碍预测认知下降和痴呆的发现提供了间接支持，并表明嗅觉测试作为认知增强剂预防和治疗试验的生物标志物具有潜在用途。
