Chen Zhuo, Wu Yang-Peng, Lan Yi-Bin, Cui Yan-Zhi, Shi Tong-Hua, Hua Yu-Bo, Duan Chang-Qing, Pan Qiu-Hong
College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
Foods. 2023 Jul 11;12(14):2668. doi: 10.3390/foods12142668.
The Bohai Bay region is a famous wine-growing area in China, where the rainfall is concentrated in the summer due to the influence of the temperate semi-humid monsoon climate. As such, the vineyard terrain has a significant impact on the flavor quality of the grapes and the resulting wines. To explore the relationship between the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wine style and terrain, this study takes four different plots in the Jieshi Mountain region to investigate the differences in the aroma profile of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines of two consecutive vintages. Based on two-way ANOVA, there were 25 free and 8 glycosylated aroma compounds in the grapes and 21 and 10 aroma compounds with an odor activity value greater than 0.1 in the wines at the end of alcohol fermentation (AF) and malolactic fermentation (MLF), respectively, that varied among the four plots. Wines from the four plots showed a significant difference in floral and fruity aroma attributes, which were mainly related to esters with high odor activity values. The difference in concentration of these compounds between plots was more pronounced in 2021 than in 2020, and a similar result was shown on the Shannon-Wiener index, which represents wine aroma diversity. It has been suggested that high rainfall makes the plot effect more pronounced. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that concentrations of -3-hexen-1-ol in grapes and ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate, isoamyl acetate, isopentanoic acid, and phenethyl acetate in wines were strongly positively correlated with the concentrations of N, P, K, Fe, and electrical conductivity in soil but negatively correlated with soil pH. This study laid a theoretical foundation for further improving the level of vineyard management and grape and wine quality in the Jieshi Mountain region.
渤海湾地区是中国著名的葡萄酒产区，受温带半湿润季风气候影响，降雨集中在夏季。因此，葡萄园地形对葡萄及所产葡萄酒的风味品质有重大影响。为探究‘赤霞珠’葡萄酒风格与地形之间的关系，本研究选取了碣石山地区的四个不同地块，调查了两个连续年份赤霞珠葡萄和葡萄酒香气特征的差异。基于双向方差分析，四个地块间葡萄中分别有25种游离香气化合物和8种糖苷化香气化合物，酒精发酵（AF）结束时和苹果酸-乳酸发酵（MLF）结束时葡萄酒中分别有21种和10种气味活性值大于0.1的香气化合物存在差异。四个地块的葡萄酒在花香和果香香气属性上存在显著差异，这主要与气味活性值高的酯类有关。这些化合物在地块间的浓度差异在2021年比2020年更为明显，代表葡萄酒香气多样性的香农-威纳指数也呈现类似结果。研究表明，高降雨量使地块效应更加显著。皮尔逊相关性分析表明，葡萄中反-3-己烯-1-醇以及葡萄酒中3-甲基丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、异戊酸和苯乙酸乙酯的浓度与土壤中氮、磷、钾、铁的含量及电导率呈显著正相关，但与土壤pH呈负相关。本研究为进一步提高碣石山地区葡萄园管理水平以及葡萄和葡萄酒品质奠定了理论基础。
