Müller Frauke, Chebib Najla, Maniewicz Sabrina, Genton Laurence
Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Jul 10;12(14):4592. doi: 10.3390/jcm12144592.
Xerostomia and hyposalivation are highly prevalent conditions in old age, particularly among multimorbid elders, and are often attributed to the use of multiple medications. These conditions negatively affect oral functions, such as chewing, swallowing, speech, and taste. Additionally, the lack of lubrication of the oral mucosa frequently leads to super-infections with candida. Denture retention and comfort may also be compromised. The risk of dental caries and erosion of natural teeth increases since saliva, which is essential for repairing initial lesions in tooth structures, is insufficient. The dry sensation in the mouth also impacts the emotional and social well-being of elderly individuals. Patients experiencing xerostomia often avoid certain foods that are uncomfortable or difficult to consume. However, some foods may alleviate the symptoms or even stimulate salivation. This review discusses the limited available evidence on nutritional advice for patients with xerostomia and aims to provide insight into the patient's perspective while offering clinical recommendations. Future studies should focus on investigating the nutritional intake of individuals suffering from xerostomia or hyposalivation in order to ensure oral health comfort, prevent malnutrition, and minimize the impact on their quality of life.
口干症和唾液分泌过少在老年人中极为普遍，尤其是在患有多种疾病的老年人中，且常被归因于多种药物的使用。这些情况会对口腔功能产生负面影响，如咀嚼、吞咽、言语和味觉。此外，口腔黏膜缺乏润滑常常导致念珠菌的二重感染。假牙的固位和舒适度也可能受到影响。由于对修复牙齿结构初始病变至关重要的唾液不足，龋齿和天然牙侵蚀的风险增加。口腔中的干燥感也会影响老年人的情绪和社会幸福感。患有口干症的患者通常会避免食用某些吃起来不舒服或难以吞咽的食物。然而，一些食物可能会缓解症状甚至刺激唾液分泌。本综述讨论了关于口干症患者营养建议的有限现有证据，旨在从患者角度提供见解，同时给出临床建议。未来的研究应专注于调查患有口干症或唾液分泌过少的个体的营养摄入情况，以确保口腔健康舒适、预防营养不良并尽量减少对其生活质量的影响。
