Maniaci Antonino, Lavalle Salvatore, Anzalone Riccardo, Lo Giudice Antonino, Cocuzza Salvatore, Parisi Federica Maria, Torrisi Filippo, Iannella Giannicola, Sireci Federico, Fadda Gianluca, Lentini Mario, Masiello Edoardo, La Via Luigi
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy.
Otorhinolaryngology Section, Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic Department, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2024 Jun 21;12(7):1382. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071382.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. While the systemic implications of OSA are well documented, the dental consequences are less frequently discussed yet equally significant. This review aims to elucidate the oral health impacts of OSA, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary care.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases to identify studies examining the relationship between OSA and various oral health parameters. The review included observational studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews published in English up to January 2024.
OSA was significantly associated with heightened risks of bruxism, dry mouth, periodontal disease, temporomandibular joint disorders, palatal and dental changes, and alterations in taste sensation. Mouth breathing associated with OSA was a critical factor in exacerbating xerostomia and dental caries. Furthermore, the systemic inflammation induced by OSA appeared to correlate with the severity of periodontal disease. Patients using oral appliance therapy for OSA also showed notable changes in dental occlusion and required ongoing dental monitoring.
The findings underscore the bidirectional relationship between OSA and oral health, highlighting the need for dental professionals to be integral participants in the management of OSA. Early dental evaluation and intervention can contribute to the overall health and quality of life of individuals with OSA. The review advocates for the development of clinical guidelines to facilitate the early identification and management of OSA-related oral health issues within dental practice and encourages a collaborative approach to patient care.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种常见的睡眠障碍，其特征是睡眠期间上呼吸道反复出现部分或完全阻塞。虽然OSA对全身的影响已有充分记录，但对牙齿的影响较少被讨论，但其重要性相同。本综述旨在阐明OSA对口腔健康的影响，强调多学科护理的重要性。
在多个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，以确定研究OSA与各种口腔健康参数之间关系的研究。该综述包括截至2024年1月以英文发表的观察性研究、临床试验和系统评价。
OSA与磨牙症、口干、牙周疾病、颞下颌关节紊乱、腭部和牙齿变化以及味觉改变的风险显著相关。与OSA相关的口呼吸是加重口干和龋齿的关键因素。此外，OSA引起的全身炎症似乎与牙周疾病的严重程度相关。使用口腔矫治器治疗OSA的患者在牙合方面也有明显变化，需要持续的牙科监测。
研究结果强调了OSA与口腔健康之间的双向关系，突出了牙科专业人员作为OSA管理不可或缺参与者的必要性。早期牙科评估和干预有助于改善OSA患者的整体健康和生活质量。该综述提倡制定临床指南，以促进在牙科实践中早期识别和管理与OSA相关的口腔健康问题，并鼓励采用协作式患者护理方法。
