College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 22;24(14):11811. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411811.
The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates multiple intracellular and extracellular upstream signals involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes in cells and plays a key regulatory role in cell growth and metabolism. The activation of the mTOR signaling pathway has been reported to be associated with a wide range of human diseases. A growing number of in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that gut microbes and their complex metabolites can regulate host metabolic and immune responses through the mTOR pathway and result in disorders of host physiological functions. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of gut microbes and mTOR in different diseases and discuss the crosstalk between gut microbes and their metabolites and mTOR in disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, and other organs. We also discuss the promising application of multiple potential drugs that can adjust the gut microbiota and mTOR signaling pathways. Despite the limited findings between gut microbes and mTOR, elucidating their relationship may provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）整合了参与细胞中合成代谢和分解代谢过程调节的多种细胞内和细胞外上游信号，并在细胞生长和代谢中发挥关键调节作用。据报道，mTOR 信号通路的激活与广泛的人类疾病有关。越来越多的体内和体外研究表明，肠道微生物及其复杂代谢产物可以通过 mTOR 途径调节宿主代谢和免疫反应，并导致宿主生理功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物和 mTOR 在不同疾病中的调节机制，并讨论了肠道微生物及其代谢物与 mTOR 之间在胃肠道、肝脏、心脏和其他器官紊乱中的相互作用。我们还讨论了多种可能的药物的有前途的应用，这些药物可以调节肠道微生物群和 mTOR 信号通路。尽管肠道微生物和 mTOR 之间的发现有限，但阐明它们之间的关系可能为预防和治疗各种疾病提供新的线索。
