Uzelac Aleksandra, Betić Nikola, Karabasil Nedjeljko, Ćirković Vladimir, Djurković-Djaković Olgica, Klun Ivana
Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jul 23;11(7):1857. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071857.
As pork is an important source for infection, we have analyzed genotypes and toxoplasmosis prevalence in pigs in Serbia in the context of production statistics and economics to assess the specific risk to public health. Genotyping was performed using MnPCR-RFLP; -specific IgG antibodies were detected using a modified agglutination test (MAT); and statistical data were extracted from official records and provided by government authorities. The results indicate that, from 2006 to 2021, the median number of annually slaughtered pigs was 5.6 million, yet only 36.1% were processed by abattoirs. The remainder were "backyard pigs" slaughtered on family farms and homesteads. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in market-weight (MW) pigs prior to 2006 was 15.2%, and was 15.1% in 2019. The seroprevalence in owned city cats, likely infected by livestock meat, was 33.2%. ToxoDB#1 was identified in pig tissues. The results indicate that backyard pigs are the backbone of the industry and provide as much as 60% of the pork in Serbia. The seroprevalence in pigs and city cats shows that farms are reservoirs for the parasite. Thus, innovative means of reducing infection designed with backyard farmers in mind are needed to reduce the risk to public health.
由于猪肉是感染的重要来源，我们结合生产统计数据和经济情况，分析了塞尔维亚猪的基因型和弓形虫病流行情况，以评估对公众健康的具体风险。使用多重巢式聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（MnPCR-RFLP）进行基因分型；使用改良凝集试验（MAT）检测特异性IgG抗体；统计数据从官方记录中提取并由政府当局提供。结果表明，2006年至2021年期间，每年屠宰猪的中位数为560万头，但只有36.1%在屠宰场进行加工。其余的是在家庭农场和宅基地上屠宰的“后院猪”。2006年之前市场体重（MW）猪的弓形虫病血清流行率为15.2%，2019年为15.1%。可能因食用家畜肉而感染的城市家猫的血清流行率为33.
2%。在猪组织中鉴定出ToxoDB#1。结果表明，后院猪是该行业的支柱，提供了塞尔维亚多达60%的猪肉。猪和城市家猫的血清流行率表明农场是该寄生虫的宿主。因此，需要设计出考虑到后院养殖户的创新感染减少方法，以降低对公众健康的风险。
