Zhan Wang, Chen Le, Kong Qinghong, Li Lixia, Chen Mingyi, Jiang Juncheng, Li Weixi, Shi Fan, Xu Zhiyuan
School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 20;28(14):5534. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145534.
Silica aerogels are considered as the distinguished materials of the future due to their extremely low thermal conductivity, low density, and high surface area. They are widely used in construction engineering, aeronautical domains, environmental protection, heat storage, etc. However, their fragile mechanical properties are the bottleneck restricting the engineering application of silica aerogels. This review briefly introduces the synthesis of silica aerogels, including the processes of sol-gel chemistry, aging, and drying. The effects of different silicon sources on the mechanical properties of silica aerogels are summarized. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of the three stages is also described. Then, five types of polymers that are commonly used to enhance the mechanical properties of silica aerogels are listed, and the current research progress is introduced. Finally, the outlook and prospects of the silica aerogels are proposed, and this paper further summarizes the methods of different polymers to enhance silica aerogels.
由于其极低的热导率、低密度和高比表面积，二氧化硅气凝胶被认为是未来卓越的材料。它们广泛应用于建筑工程、航空领域、环境保护、蓄热等。然而，其脆弱的力学性能是限制二氧化硅气凝胶工程应用的瓶颈。本文简要介绍了二氧化硅气凝胶的合成，包括溶胶-凝胶化学、老化和干燥过程。总结了不同硅源对二氧化硅气凝胶力学性能的影响。此外，还描述了这三个阶段的反应机理。然后，列出了常用于增强二氧化硅气凝胶力学性能的五种聚合物类型，并介绍了当前的研究进展。最后，对二氧化硅气凝胶的前景进行了展望，并进一步总结了不同聚合物增强二氧化硅气凝胶的方法。
