Lu Yao-Chih, Anedda Roberto, Lai Long-Li
Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli 545, Taiwan.
Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte-Capo Caccia, Km 8,400, Loc. Tramariglio 15, 07041 Alghero, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 20;28(14):5546. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145546.
Dendrimers have a diverse and versatile morphology, frequently consisting of core, linking, and peripheral moieties. Dendrimers with flexible linkers, such as PAMAM, cannot retain the persistent shape of molecules, and this has been widely explored and reviewed previously; nevertheless, dendrimers with stiff linkers can preserve the persistent shape of the dendrimers, which has been reported considerably less. This review thus focuses on addressing shape-persistent dendrimers with rigid linking moieties discovered in recent years, i.e., from 2012 to 2023. Shape-persistent dendrimers with an interstitial gap between the dendritic frames in the solid state may or may not let the intramolecular void space be accessible for guest molecules, which largely depends on whether their peripheral groups are flexible or non-flexible. In this paper, eight articles on shape-persistent dendrimers with a flexible alkyl periphery, which may exhibit mesogenic phases upon thermal treatment, and eight articles on shape-persistent dendrimers with a non-flexible periphery, which may allow external ions, gases, or volatile organic compounds to access the interstitial gaps between dendritic frames, are reviewed.
树枝状大分子具有多样且通用的形态，通常由核心、连接部分和外围部分组成。具有柔性连接基团的树枝状大分子，如聚酰胺-胺型（PAMAM）树枝状大分子，无法保持分子的持久形状，这一点此前已得到广泛研究和综述；然而，具有刚性连接基团的树枝状大分子能够保持树枝状大分子的持久形状，而这方面的报道相对较少。因此，本综述着重探讨近年来（即2012年至2023年）发现的具有刚性连接部分的形状持久树枝状大分子。固态下树枝状框架之间存在间隙的形状持久树枝状大分子，其分子内空隙空间可能允许也可能不允许客体分子进入，这在很大程度上取决于其外围基团是柔性的还是非柔性的。本文综述了八篇关于具有柔性烷基外围的形状持久树枝状大分子的文章，这类树枝状大分子在热处理时可能呈现介晶相；还综述了八篇关于具有非柔性外围的形状持久树枝状大分子的文章，这类树枝状大分子可能允许外部离子、气体或挥发性有机化合物进入树枝状框架之间的间隙。
