Białek-Dratwa Agnieszka, Kowalski Oskar
Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Children (Basel). 2023 Dec 29;11(1):45. doi: 10.3390/children11010045.
Proper nutrition during the first period of life is primarily related to meeting energy needs and providing essential nutrients that ensure the infant's normal physical and psychomotor development. Improper nutrition during this period, inadequate amounts of nutrients, inappropriate timing and manner of introduction of individual foods, can permanently alter metabolism and the course of physiological processes, increasing the risk of diseases such as obesity, allergic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to verify how the method of complementary feeding influences the occurrence of food neophobia between 2 and 7 years of age, as well as to assess the different nutritional aspects resulting from the process of starting feeding other than breast milk and milk formula. In this study, 490 mothers and their children aged 2-7 years participated. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of a child's dietary assessment and standardized questionnaires assessing food neophobia among children: Food Neophobia Scale for Children (FNSC) and the Montreal Children's Hospital-Pediatric Feeding (MCH-FS). In the study group of children, 238 (48.57%) had no Baby-Led Weaning Method (no BLW) method used during complementary feeding (CF), and 252 (51.42%) children used Baby-Led Weaning Method (BLW). According to the FNSC questionnaire, a high risk of food neophobia was found in 32.65% of the children studied and a medium risk in 39.80%. The medium risk of feeding problem occured in 11.63% of children, the high risk in 6.73% of children, and the highest risk in 6.94% (MCH-FS). No statistically significant differences were observed between the BLW and NoBLW groups. High risk of food neophobia occured in 1/3 of the children studied, but there was no relationship in the study group between the mode of CF (BLW/NoBLW) and the risk of food neophobia.
生命早期的适当营养主要与满足能量需求以及提供确保婴儿正常身体和心理运动发育的必需营养素有关。在此期间营养不当、营养素摄入量不足、引入个别食物的时间和方式不当，会永久性地改变新陈代谢和生理过程的进程，增加肥胖、过敏性疾病和心血管疾病等疾病的风险。本研究旨在验证辅食添加方法如何影响2至7岁儿童食物恐新症的发生，以及评估开始除母乳和婴儿配方奶粉之外的喂养过程所产生的不同营养方面的情况。在本研究中，490名母亲及其2至7岁的孩子参与其中。研究工具是一份问卷，包括儿童饮食评估以及评估儿童食物恐新症的标准化问卷：儿童食物恐新症量表（FNSC）和蒙特利尔儿童医院-儿科喂养量表（MCH-FS）。在儿童研究组中，238名（48.57%）儿童在辅食添加（CF）期间未采用自主进食法（无BLW），252名（51.42%）儿童采用了自主进食法（BLW）。根据FNSC问卷，在研究的儿童中，32.65%有食物恐新症的高风险，39.80%有中度风险。11.63%的儿童有喂养问题的中度风险，6.73%的儿童有高风险，6.94%的儿童有最高风险（MCH-FS）。在BLW组和无BLW组之间未观察到统计学上的显著差异。三分之一的研究儿童有食物恐新症的高风险，但在研究组中，辅食添加方式（BLW/无BLW）与食物恐新症风险之间没有关联。
