Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
Viruses. 2023 Jul 12;15(7):1532. doi: 10.3390/v15071532.
cultivation is experiencing a period of renewed interest due to the new opportunities for its use in different sectors including food, techno-industrial, construction, pharmaceutical and medical, cosmetics, and textiles. Moreover, its properties as a carbon sequestrator and soil improver make it suitable for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation strategies. The increase in cannabis cultivation is generating conditions for the spread of new pathogens. While cannabis fungal and bacterial diseases are better known and characterized, viral infections have historically been less investigated. Many viral infection reports on cannabis have recently been released, highlighting the increasing threat and spread of known and unknown viruses. However, the available information on these pathogens is still incomplete and fragmentary, and it is therefore useful to organize it into a single structured document to provide guidance to growers, breeders, and academic researchers. This review aims to present the historical excursus of cannabis virology, from the pioneering descriptions of virus-like symptoms in the 1940s/50s to the most recent high-throughput sequencing reports. Each of these viruses detected in cannabis will be categorized with an increasing degree of threat according to its potential risk to the crop. Lastly, the development of viral vectors for functional genetics studies will be described, revealing how cannabis virology is evolving not only for the characterization of its virome but also for the development of biotechnological tools for the genetic improvement of this crop.
由于在食品、技术工业、建筑、制药和医疗、化妆品和纺织品等不同领域的新应用机会，栽培正在经历一个重新引起关注的时期。此外，它作为碳封存剂和土壤改良剂的特性使其适合可持续农业和减缓气候变化战略。大麻种植的增加为新病原体的传播创造了条件。虽然大麻真菌和细菌疾病更为人所知和特征化，但病毒感染历来研究较少。最近发布了许多关于大麻病毒感染的报告，突出了已知和未知病毒的日益严重的威胁和传播。然而，关于这些病原体的可用信息仍然不完整和零碎，因此将其组织成一个单一的结构化文档以向种植者、育种者和学术研究人员提供指导是有用的。本综述旨在展示大麻病毒学的历史沿革，从 20 世纪 40 年代/50 年代对类病毒症状的开创性描述到最近的高通量测序报告。将根据每种病毒对作物的潜在风险，按照威胁程度递增的顺序对在大麻中检测到的每种病毒进行分类。最后，将描述用于功能遗传学研究的病毒载体的开发，揭示大麻病毒学如何不仅在其病毒组的表征方面发展，而且在遗传改良这种作物的生物技术工具的开发方面发展。
