喷气燃料泄漏污染饮用水系统后的社区健康影响：2021 年 11 月，美国夏威夷州瓦胡岛。
Community health impacts after a jet fuel leak contaminated a drinking water system: Oahu, Hawaii, November 2021.
机构信息
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA E-mail:
National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of the Director, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
J Water Health. 2023 Jul;21(7):956-971. doi: 10.2166/wh.2023.109.
BACKGROUND
In 2021, a large petroleum leak contaminated a water source that supplied drinking water to military and civilians in Oahu, Hawaii.
METHODS
We conducted an Assessment of Chemical Exposures (ACE) survey and supplemented that information with complementary data sources: (1) poison center caller records; (2) emergency department visit data; and (3) a key informant questionnaire.
RESULTS
Among 2,289 survey participants, 86% reported ≥1 new or worsening symptom, 75% of which lasted ≥30 days, and 37% sought medical care. Most (n = 1,653, 72%) reported new mental health symptoms. Among equally observable symptoms across age groups, proportions of children ≤2 years experiencing vomiting, runny nose, skin rashes, and coughing (33, 46, 56, and 35%, respectively) were higher than other age groups. Poison center calls increased the first 2 weeks after the contamination, while emergency department visits increased in early December 2021. Key informant interviews revealed themes of lack of support, mental health symptoms, and long-term health impact concerns.
DISCUSSION
This event led to widespread exposure to petroleum products and negatively affected thousands of people. Follow-up health surveys or interventions should give special consideration to longer-term physical and mental health, especially children due to their unique sensitivity to environmental exposures.
背景
2021 年，一场大规模的石油泄漏污染了为夏威夷瓦胡岛的军人和平民提供饮用水的水源。
方法
我们进行了化学暴露评估（ACE）调查，并通过补充数据来源来补充这些信息：（1）中毒中心呼叫记录；（2）急诊就诊数据；（3）关键知情人问卷调查。
结果
在 2289 名调查参与者中，86%报告了≥1 种新的或恶化的症状，其中 75%持续≥30 天，37%寻求了医疗护理。大多数（n=1653，72%）报告了新的心理健康症状。在各个年龄组中同样可观察到的症状中，≤2 岁的儿童出现呕吐、流鼻涕、皮疹和咳嗽的比例（分别为 33%、46%、56%和 35%）高于其他年龄组。中毒中心的呼叫在污染后的前 2 周增加，而急诊就诊则在 2021 年 12 月初增加。关键知情人访谈揭示了缺乏支持、心理健康症状和长期健康影响的担忧等主题。
讨论
此次事件导致了广泛的石油产品暴露，并对数千人造成了负面影响。后续的健康调查或干预措施应特别考虑到身体和心理健康的长期影响，特别是儿童，因为他们对环境暴露的敏感性是独特的。
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