Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8P 1H6, Canada.
Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
Inflammopharmacology. 2024 Feb;32(1):23-28. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01304-y. Epub 2023 Jul 29.
There is documentation of the use of opium derived products in the ancient history of the Assyrians: the Egyptians; in the sixth century AD by the Roman Dioscorides; and by Avicenna (980-1037). Reference to opium like products is made by Paracelsus and by Shakespeare. Charles Louis Derosne and Fredrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner isolated morphine from raw opium in 1802 and 1806 respectively, and it was Sertürner who named the substance morphine, after Morpheus, the Greek God of dreams. By the middle 1800s, Opium and related opioid derived products were the source of a major addiction in USA, and to some extent in the United Kingdom. Opioid products are of major therapeutic value in the treatment of pain from injury, post surgery, intractable pain conditions, and some forms of terminal cancer.
有文献记载，古亚述人、古埃及人、公元 6 世纪的罗马人迪奥斯科里季斯（Dioscorides）以及阿维森纳（Avicenna，980-1037）都曾使用过鸦片制剂。帕拉切尔苏斯（Paracelsus）和莎士比亚也提到过类似鸦片的物质。1802 年和 1806 年，查尔斯·路易·德拉叙恩（Charles Louis Derosne）和弗雷德里希·威廉·亚当·塞特纳（Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner）分别从生鸦片中分离出吗啡，塞特纳（Sertürner）将这种物质命名为吗啡（morphine），以希腊梦神摩耳甫斯（Morpheus）的名字命名。到 19 世纪中叶，鸦片和相关的阿片类衍生产品已成为美国的主要成瘾源，在一定程度上也成为英国的主要成瘾源。阿片类产品在治疗创伤后疼痛、术后疼痛、顽固性疼痛和某些形式的晚期癌症疼痛方面具有重要的治疗价值。
