Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 29;13(1):12287. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39011-x.
The timing of daily activity in humans have been associated with various demographic and health-related factors, but the possibly complex patterns of confounding and interaction between these has not been systematically explored. We use data from Hungarostudy 2021, a nationally representative survey of 7000 Hungarian adults to assess the relationship between self-reported chronotype, social jetlag (using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), demographic variables and self-reported health and demographic variables, including ethnic minority membership. Supporting the validity of self-reports, participants with later chronotypes reported the lowest daytime sleepiness at a later clock time. We found that older age, female sex, a more eastward and southward geographical position, residence in a smaller settlement, less education and income, religiousness and cohabiting with small children were associated with an earlier chronotype. Younger age, higher education and income, and cohabiting with small children were associated with increased social jetlag. Of the 48 health-related variables surveyed, the relationship with both chronotype and social jetlag were mostly accounted for by age, sex, and socioeconomic effects, but we identified alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity as predictors of both social jetlag and chronotype, while a number of disorders were either positively or negatively associated with chronotype and social jetlag. Our findings from a large, nationally representative sample indicate that both biological and social factors influence chronotype and identified both demographic and health-related variables as risk factors for social jetlag. Our results, however, do not support a causal relationship between light exposure and mental health.
人类的日常活动时间与各种人口统计学和健康相关因素有关，但这些因素之间可能存在复杂的混杂和相互作用模式，尚未得到系统探索。我们使用了 2021 年匈牙利研究的数据，这是一项对 7000 名匈牙利成年人进行的全国代表性调查，以评估自我报告的昼夜型、社会时差（使用慕尼黑昼夜型问卷）、人口统计学变量与自我报告的健康和人口统计学变量之间的关系，包括少数民族成员身份。自我报告的有效性得到了支持，晚型昼夜型的参与者在更晚的时钟时间报告的日间困倦程度最低。我们发现，年龄较大、女性、地理位置更偏东和南、居住在较小的定居点、受教育程度和收入较低、宗教信仰和与小孩同住与较早的昼夜型有关。年龄较小、受教育程度和收入较高，以及与小孩同住与增加的社会时差有关。在所调查的 48 个与健康相关的变量中，昼夜型和社会时差与年龄、性别和社会经济效应密切相关，但我们发现饮酒、吸烟和体育活动是社会时差和昼夜型的预测因素，而许多疾病与昼夜型和社会时差呈正相关或负相关。我们从一个大型的、全国代表性的样本中发现，生物和社会因素都影响昼夜型，并且确定了人口统计学和健康相关的变量是社会时差的风险因素。然而，我们的结果并不支持光照与心理健康之间存在因果关系。
