Veech R L, Gitomer W L, King M T, Balaban R S, Costa J L, Eanes E D
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986;194:617-46. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5107-8_48.
Intra peritoneal administration of the short chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate and butyrate, in amounts calculated to reach 20 mM in total body water were given to fed and 48 hour starved male Wistar rats. One half hour after administration, the livers were freeze-clamped and the hepatic contents of various intermediary metabolites were measured. The liver content of total glycolytic intermediates was elevated by short chain fatty acids. In fed animals, the portion of glycolysis from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) to PEP was elevated 2 to 4 fold. In 48 hour starved animals, where gluconeogenesis is active, the portion of the gluconeogenetic pathway from FBP to glucose was elevated 1.5 to 3.5 fold with the exception of the butyrate treated animals where blood glucose was not elevated. The metabolites of the hexose-monophosphate pathway that were measured, namely 6-phosphogluconate, ribulose 5-phosphate and xylose 5-phosphate were increased in both fed and starved animals. The free cytoplasmic [NAD+]/[NADH], [NADP+]/[NADPH], and [epsilon ATP]/[epsilon ADP] X [epsilon Pi] ratios were all decreased in both fed and starved animals after short chain fatty acid administration. The liver content of calcium increased 1.2 to 2 fold in fed animals and 2 to 3 fold in starved animals while total liver magnesium was either unchanged or increased only 1.2 times. The liver pyrophosphate (PPi) content increased a minimum of 10 fold in fed animals and over 100 fold in starved animals. In all cases no PPi could be detected in vivo by 31P NMR even though in the starved rats the PPi levels approached those of ATP. The liver content of inorganic Pi increased 1.3 to 1.5 fold in fed animals and 1.5 to 2 fold in starved animals. The total "rapidly metabolizing" Pi pool, that includes adenine and guanine nucleotides, glycolytic and shunt intermediates, Pi and PPi increased 1.3 times in fed animals (from 13.8 mumole/g fresh weight) and 1.5 to 1.7 fold in starved animals (from 15.7 mumol/g fresh weight). The total phosphate taken up from blood and entering the rapidly turning over pool of liver phosphate ranged between 4 and 12 mumols/g of liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
给喂食状态和饥饿48小时的雄性Wistar大鼠腹腔注射短链脂肪酸乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐，注射量按使全身水中达到20 mM计算。给药半小时后，将肝脏速冻夹闭，并测定各种中间代谢物的肝脏含量。短链脂肪酸使肝脏中糖酵解中间产物的总量升高。在喂食的动物中，从1,6-二磷酸果糖（FBP）到磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（PEP）的糖酵解部分升高了2至4倍。在糖异生活跃的饥饿48小时的动物中，从FBP到葡萄糖的糖异生途径部分升高了1.5至3.5倍，但丁酸盐处理的动物除外，其血糖未升高。所测定的磷酸戊糖途径的代谢物，即6-磷酸葡萄糖酸、5-磷酸核酮糖和5-磷酸木糖，在喂食和饥饿的动物中均增加。短链脂肪酸给药后，喂食和饥饿的动物中游离细胞质的[NAD+]/[NADH]、[NADP+]/[NADPH]以及[εATP]/[εADP]×[εPi]比值均降低。喂食动物肝脏中的钙含量增加了1.2至2倍，饥饿动物增加了2至3倍，而肝脏总镁含量要么不变，要么仅增加1.2倍。喂食动物肝脏中的焦磷酸（PPi）含量至少增加了10倍，饥饿动物增加了100倍以上。在所有情况下，即使在饥饿大鼠中PPi水平接近ATP水平，通过31P NMR在体内也检测不到PPi。喂食动物肝脏中的无机磷含量增加了1.3至1.5倍，饥饿动物增加了1.5至2倍。包括腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤核苷酸、糖酵解和旁路中间产物、Pi和PPi在内的总“快速代谢”Pi池，在喂食动物中增加了1.3倍（从13.8微摩尔/克鲜重），在饥饿动物中增加了1.5至1.7倍（从15.7微摩尔/克鲜重）。从血液中摄取并进入肝脏快速周转的磷酸盐池的总磷酸盐量在4至12微摩尔/克肝脏之间。（摘要截断于400字）
