College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China.
Chin J Nat Med. 2023 Jul;21(7):499-515. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(23)60410-8.
Natural products exhibit substantial impacts in the field of anti-hypoxic traetment. Hypoxia can cause altitude sickness and other negative effect on the body. Headache, coma, exhaustion, vomiting and, in severe cases, death are some of the clinical signs. Currently, hypoxia is no longer just a concern in plateau regions; it is also one of the issues that can not be ignored by urban residents. This review covered polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, peptides and traditional Chinese compound prescriptions as natural products to protect against hypoxia. The active ingredients, effectiveness and mechanisms were discussed. The related anti-hypoxic mechanisms involve increasing the hemoglobin (HB) content, glycogen content and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, removing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing lipid peroxidation, regulating the levels of related enzymes in cells, protecting the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes. These comprehensive summaries are beneficial to anti-hypoxic research and provide useful information for the development of anti-hypoxic products.
天然产物在抗缺氧治疗领域具有重要作用。缺氧会导致高原病和其他身体不适。头痛、昏迷、疲惫、呕吐，严重情况下还会导致死亡等都是一些临床症状。目前，缺氧不仅是高原地区需要关注的问题，也是城市居民不可忽视的问题之一。本综述涵盖了多糖、生物碱、皂苷、黄酮类、肽类和传统中药复方制剂等天然产物对缺氧的保护作用。讨论了它们的活性成分、有效性和作用机制。相关的抗缺氧机制包括增加血红蛋白（HB）含量、糖原含量和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）含量，清除过多的活性氧（ROS），减少脂质过氧化，调节细胞内相关酶的水平，保护线粒体的结构和功能完整性，以及调节凋亡相关基因的表达。这些综合总结有助于抗缺氧研究，并为抗缺氧产品的开发提供有用信息。
