Dhillon Ashish Kumar, Sharma Arti, Yadav Vikas, Singh Ruchi, Ahuja Tripti, Barman Sanmitra, Siddhanta Soumik
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Center for Advanced Materials and Devices (CAMD), BML Munjal University, Haryana, India.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2024 Jan-Feb;16(1):e1917. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1917. Epub 2023 Jul 30.
Protein unfolding and aggregation are often correlated with numerous diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and other debilitating neurological disorders. Such adverse events consist of a plethora of competing mechanisms, particularly interactions that control the stability and cooperativity of the process. However, it remains challenging to probe the molecular mechanism of protein dynamics such as aggregation, and monitor them in real-time under physiological conditions. Recently, Raman spectroscopy and its plasmon-enhanced counterparts, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), have emerged as sensitive analytical tools that have the potential to perform molecular studies of functional groups and are showing significant promise in probing events related to protein aggregation. We summarize the fundamental working principles of Raman, SERS, and TERS as nondestructive, easy-to-perform, and fast tools for probing protein dynamics and aggregation. Finally, we highlight the utility of these techniques for the analysis of vibrational spectra of aggregation of proteins from various sources such as tissues, pathogens, food, biopharmaceuticals, and lastly, biological fouling to retrieve precise chemical information, which can be potentially translated to practical applications and point-of-care (PoC) devices. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
蛋白质的解折叠和聚集通常与许多疾病相关，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病以及其他使人衰弱的神经紊乱疾病。这类不良事件由大量相互竞争的机制组成，特别是那些控制该过程稳定性和协同性的相互作用。然而，探究蛋白质动力学（如聚集）的分子机制，并在生理条件下对其进行实时监测，仍然具有挑战性。最近，拉曼光谱及其等离子体增强技术，如表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）和针尖增强拉曼光谱（TERS），已成为灵敏的分析工具，有潜力对官能团进行分子研究，并在探测与蛋白质聚集相关的事件方面显示出巨大前景。我们总结了拉曼光谱、表面增强拉曼光谱和针尖增强拉曼光谱的基本工作原理，它们是用于探测蛋白质动力学和聚集的无损、易于操作且快速的工具。最后，我们强调了这些技术在分析来自各种来源（如组织、病原体、食物、生物制药，以及最后生物污垢）蛋白质聚集的振动光谱方面的效用，以获取精确的化学信息，这些信息有可能转化为实际应用和即时检测（PoC）设备。本文分类如下：治疗方法与药物发现>新兴技术；诊断工具>诊断纳米器件；纳米技术在生物学中的应用>生物学中的纳米级系统。
