El Jouhri Aboubakr, El Sharkawy Ashraf, Paksoy Hakan, Youssif Omar, He Xiaolin, Kim Soyeon, Happee Riender
Department of Cognitive Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Department of Human Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 13;14:1128285. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1128285. eCollection 2023.
SAE Level 3 is known as conditional driving automation. As long as certain conditions are met, there is no need to supervise the technology and the driver can engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, a human driver must be present and alert to take over when the automation is facing its system limits. When such an emergency takes place, the automation uses the human machine interface (HMI) to send a take-over request (TOR) to the driver.
We investigated the influence of a color themed HMI on the trust and take-over performance in automated vehicles. Using a driving simulator, we tested 45 participants divided in three groups with a baseline auditory HMI and two advanced color themed HMIs consisting of a display and ambient lighting with the colors red and blue. Trust in automation was assessed using questionnaires while take-over performance was assessed through response time and success rate.
Compared to the baseline HMI, the color themed HMI is more trustworthy, and participants understood their driving tasks better. Results show that the color themed HMI is perceived as more pleasant compared to the baseline HMI and leads to shorter reaction times. Red ambient lighting is seen as more urging than blue, but HMI color did not significantly affect the general HMI perception and TOR performance.
Further research can explore the use of color and other modalities to express varying urgency levels and validate findings in complex on road driving conditions.
SAE 3级被称为有条件驾驶自动化。只要满足某些条件，就无需对该技术进行监督，驾驶员可以从事与驾驶无关的任务（NDRT）。然而，必须有一名人类驾驶员在场并保持警觉，以便在自动化系统达到其极限时接管。当发生此类紧急情况时，自动化系统会使用人机界面（HMI）向驾驶员发送接管请求（TOR）。
我们研究了以颜色为主题的人机界面对自动驾驶车辆中的信任度和接管性能的影响。我们使用驾驶模拟器对45名参与者进行了测试，他们被分为三组，分别使用基线听觉人机界面以及两种先进的以颜色为主题的人机界面，后者包括带有红色和蓝色的显示屏和环境照明。通过问卷评估对自动化的信任度，同时通过反应时间和成功率评估接管性能。
与基线人机界面相比，以颜色为主题的人机界面更值得信赖，参与者对其驾驶任务的理解也更好。结果表明，与基线人机界面相比，以颜色为主题的人机界面被认为更令人愉悦，并且反应时间更短。红色环境照明比蓝色更具紧迫感，但人机界面的颜色对总体人机界面感知和接管请求性能没有显著影响。
进一步的研究可以探索使用颜色和其他方式来表达不同的紧急程度，并在复杂的道路驾驶条件下验证研究结果。
