Behera Birasen, Rout Bidyutprava, Kar Subrat Kumar, Sahoo Debasish, Sahu Kundan Kumar, Otta Sarita
Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003 India.
Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2022;23(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s43042-022-00225-9. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
Blood group has been stated to be one of the risk factors associated with viral diseases like dengue, hepatitis virus, Norwalk virus and even the coronavirus associated with 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. In addition, anti-A antibodies in experimental models have been shown to inhibit the interaction between coronavirus and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) receptor of the host target cell, the major receptor involved in viral pathogenesis. Thus, several workers propose an association between ABO blood type and coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) disease in many previous studies. The present study was undertaken in the Eastern part of India in line with these authors to study the association of ABO blood group of patients with COVID susceptibility and severity.
This is a retrospective study over a period of 6 months from June 2020 to November 2020 where patients who underwent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test for SARS-COV2 and having a recorded patient blood group type were considered. The qRT-PCR positive admitted cases were considered as cases, and qRT-PCR negative cases were considered as controls. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel format and analyzed by statistical method to obtain association.
Consecutively obtained 5000 qRT-PCR positive patients (cases) and 11,700 (controls) were included in the present study. The mean age of cases was higher (54.24 vs. 34. 67) than the controls. Among the cases, the highest number (2379; 47.6%) of samples belonged to A blood group followed by B (1278; 25.6%) while among the control group O blood group had the highest prevalence (4215; 36%). Blood group A had a higher odd of testing positive (Odds ratio-2.552; CI 2.381-2.734; < 0.0001) than all other blood groups. A blood group is also associated with higher risk of ICU admission (Odds ratio- 1.699; 95% CI 1.515-1.905) and 65.3% of this group is also associated with high viral load which gives an indication of higher disease severity.
Blood group A is associated with an increased susceptibility to COVID 19 infection than other blood groups. Cases of this blood group are also associated with more critical care needs and a higher viral load on testing.
血型已被认为是与登革热、肝炎病毒、诺沃克病毒等病毒性疾病相关的风险因素之一，甚至与2003年严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）疫情相关的冠状病毒也有关联。此外，实验模型中的抗A抗体已被证明可抑制冠状病毒与宿主靶细胞的血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）受体之间的相互作用，而ACE受体是病毒发病机制中的主要受体。因此，在许多先前的研究中，一些研究人员提出ABO血型与2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）之间存在关联。本研究在印度东部开展，与这些研究人员的研究一致，旨在探讨COVID患者的ABO血型与易感性及疾病严重程度之间的关联。
这是一项回顾性研究，时间跨度为2020年6月至2020年11月的6个月，研究对象为接受过SARS-CoV-2定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测且记录了患者血型的患者。qRT-PCR检测呈阳性的住院病例被视为病例组，qRT-PCR检测呈阴性的病例被视为对照组。数据以Microsoft Excel格式录入，并采用统计方法进行分析以获得关联性。
本研究连续纳入了5000例qRT-PCR检测呈阳性的患者（病例组）和11700例（对照组）。病例组的平均年龄（54.24岁对34.67岁）高于对照组。在病例组中，样本数量最多的血型是A型（2379例；47.6%），其次是B型（1278例；25.6%），而在对照组中，O型血的患病率最高（4215例；36%）。A型血检测呈阳性的几率更高（优势比-2.552；置信区间2.381-2.734；P<0.0001），高于所有其他血型。A型血还与入住重症监护病房的较高风险相关（优势比-1.699；95%置信区间1.515-1.905），且该组中有65.3%的患者病毒载量也较高，这表明疾病严重程度更高。
与其他血型相比，A型血感染COVID-19的易感性更高。该血型的病例也与更多的重症护理需求和检测时更高的病毒载量相关。
