Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (SPMVV), Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1423:161-174. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_13.
Spirulina platensis was first isolated from Lake Texcoco by Aztecs in the sixteenth century. In 2012, spirulina was considered to be safe dietary supplement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Spirulina is a cyanophytic microalgae that is often considered as single cell protein. It contains many essential amino acids, proteins, fatty acids, antioxidant pigments, carotenoids, and cyanogenic pigments, that is, phycocyanobilins and phycocyanins (Eriksen, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 80(1):1-4, 2008). Components of spirulina are investigated for many health benefits and for pharmaceutical uses (Karkos et al., Spirulina in clinical practice: evidence-based human applications). Spirulina has been found to have a role in growth, immunity (Wu et al., Arch Toxicol, 90(8):1817-40, 2016), antioxidant (Wu et al., Arch Toxicol, 90(8):1817-40, 2016), antiviral (Ayehunie et al., J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol, 18(1):7-12, 1998), antitoxicologic, anti-cancerogenic (Hirahashi et al., Int Immunopharmacol, 2(4):423-34, 2002), antidiabetic (Layam and Reddy, Diabetol Croat, 35(2):29-33, 2006), and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we focused on spirulina components in anti-Parkinson's and anti-Alzheimer's activity. Four potential targets, two for each activity, that is, structure of parkinE3 ligase (PDB ID:4I1H) and structure of BACE bound to 5-(3-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-2-imino-3-methylimidazolidin-4one (PDBI D:4DJx) for anti-Parkinson's activity and structure of human MAO B in complex with selective inhibitor safinamide (PDB ID:2V5Z) and crystal structure of human BACE-1 in complex with CNP520(PDB ID:6EQM) for anti-Alzheimer's activity, have been selected. The in silico results and scoring of virtual screening, that is, molecular docking, were compared with commonly used marketed drugs such as levodopa for Parkinson's disease (PD) and rivastigmine (Rösler et al., BMJ, 318(7184):633-40, 1999) for Alzheimer's disease.
钝顶螺旋藻最初由十六世纪的阿兹特克人从特斯科科湖分离出来。2012 年，美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）将螺旋藻视为安全的膳食补充剂。螺旋藻是一种蓝藻微藻，通常被认为是单细胞蛋白。它含有许多必需氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪酸、抗氧化色素、类胡萝卜素和氰原色素，即藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白（Eriksen， Appl Microbiol Biotechnol，80（1）：1-4，2008）。人们研究了螺旋藻的成分，以了解其对健康的诸多益处和药用价值（Karkos 等人，《螺旋藻在临床实践中的应用：基于证据的人体应用》）。研究发现，螺旋藻在生长、免疫（Wu 等人，Arch Toxicol，90（8）：1817-40，2016）、抗氧化（Wu 等人，Arch Toxicol，90（8）：1817-40，2016）、抗病毒（Ayehunie 等人，J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol，18（1）：7-12，1998）、抗毒性、抗癌（Hirahashi 等人，Int Immunopharmacol，2（4）：423-34，2002）、抗糖尿病（Layam 和 Reddy，Diabetol Croat，35（2）：29-33，2006）和神经保护方面具有作用。在这项研究中，我们专注于螺旋藻在抗帕金森病和抗阿尔茨海默病方面的成分。选择了四个潜在的靶点，每个活性两个，即 parkinE3 连接酶的结构（PDB ID：4I1H）和与 5-（3-（5-氯吡啶-3-基）苯基）-5-环丙基-2-亚氨基-3-甲基咪唑烷-4-酮结合的 BACE 结构（PDBI D：4DJx）用于抗帕金森病活性，以及与选择性抑制剂沙芬酰胺（PDB ID：2V5Z）结合的人 MAO B 的结构和与人 BACE-1 结合的 CNP520 的晶体结构（PDB ID：6EQM）用于抗阿尔茨海默病活性。比较了计算机模拟结果和虚拟筛选的评分，即分子对接，与常用于治疗帕金森病的市售药物左旋多巴（Levodopa）和用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的利伐斯的明（Rösler 等人，BMJ，318（7184）：633-40，1999）进行比较。
