Boushab Boushab Mohamed, Yanogo Pauline Kiswendsida, Barry Djibril, Maham Mohamedou Hmeind, Traoré Abdallahi Mohamed Kheirou, Kane Elhadj Malick, Basco Leonardo, Meda Nicolas
Médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, Centre hospitalier de Kiffa, Assaba, Mauritanie.
Programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose et la lèpre (PNTL), Nouakchott, Mauritanie.
Med Trop Sante Int. 2023 Apr 20;3(2). doi: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.361. eCollection 2023 Jun 30.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that mainly affects the skin, mucous membranes and the peripheral nervous system. Its elimination as a public health problem seems to lead to its ignorance and therefore to a risk of late diagnosis. An analysis of leprosy surveillance data in Mauritania was conducted to determine epidemiological trends and clinical forms of reported cases.
The retrospective study was based on the epidemiological records of leprosy in Mauritania from 2009 to 2019. The diagnosis of leprosy was made on the basis of the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2.5.0. The frequencies, proportions, and rates were calculated.
Over the past 11 years, 164 cases have been notified. Among the notified cases, 96/164 (58.5%) were males and 68/164 (41.5%) females, with a sex ratio of 1.4. The mean age (± standard deviation) was 44.0 ± 17.1 years [range, 9 - 86 years], and the median was 45 years [interquartile range, 32.5; 57.5]. Children under the age of 16 accounted for 9/164 (5.5%). The wilayas (i.e. "regions") of Nouakchott were the most endemic regions in the country. The multibacillary form (MB) represented 109/164 (66.5%) cases among the observed clinical forms. The average annual incidence was 0.3 case/100,000 population for MB and 0.1 case/100,000 for PB (paucibacillary). All reported cases were treated with multidrug therapy.
The results of leprosy surveillance showed a persistence of this disease in Mauritania. It is necessary to relaunch leprosy services at all levels in order to continue to reduce the morbidity associated with this disease, and eventually eliminate it from the country.
麻风病是一种慢性传染病，主要影响皮肤、黏膜和周围神经系统。其作为一个公共卫生问题被消除，似乎导致了人们对它的忽视，进而存在诊断延迟的风险。对毛里塔尼亚的麻风病监测数据进行了分析，以确定报告病例的流行病学趋势和临床类型。
这项回顾性研究基于毛里塔尼亚2009年至2019年的麻风病流行病学记录。麻风病的诊断依据世界卫生组织（WHO）的诊断标准。使用Epi Info 7.2.5.0版软件对数据进行分析。计算了频率、比例和发病率。
在过去11年中，共报告了164例病例。在报告的病例中，男性96/164（58.5%），女性68/164（41.5%），性别比为1.4。平均年龄（±标准差）为44.0±17.1岁[范围为9 - 86岁]，中位数为45岁[四分位间距为32.5；57.5]。16岁以下儿童占9/164（5.5%）。努瓦克肖特省是该国麻风病流行最严重的地区。在观察到的临床类型中，多菌型（MB）占109/164（66.5%）病例。多菌型的年均发病率为每10万人口0.3例，少菌型（PB）为每10万人口0.1例。所有报告病例均采用多药联合疗法进行治疗。
麻风病监测结果显示该病在毛里塔尼亚持续存在。有必要在各级重新开展麻风病防治服务，以继续降低与该病相关的发病率，并最终在该国消除该病。
