Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 Jul 26;18:4143-4170. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S413141. eCollection 2023.
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases currently relies primarily on invasive procedures like digestive endoscopy. However, these procedures can cause discomfort, respiratory issues, and bacterial infections in patients, both during and after the examination. In recent years, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising field, providing significant advancements in diagnostic techniques. Nanoprobes, in particular, offer distinct advantages, such as high specificity and sensitivity in detecting GI diseases. Integration of nanoprobes with advanced imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, optical fluorescence imaging, tomography, and optical correlation tomography, has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities for GI tumors and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This synergy enables early diagnosis and precise staging of GI disorders. Among the nanoparticles investigated for clinical applications, superparamagnetic iron oxide, quantum dots, single carbon nanotubes, and nanocages have emerged as extensively studied and utilized agents. This review aimed to provide insights into the potential applications of nanoparticles in modern imaging techniques, with a specific focus on their role in facilitating early and specific diagnosis of a range of GI disorders, including IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, we discussed the challenges associated with the implementation of nanotechnology-based GI diagnostics and explored future prospects for translation in this promising field.
目前，胃肠道（GI）疾病的诊断主要依赖于消化内镜等有创性程序。然而，这些程序在检查过程中和检查后会给患者带来不适、呼吸问题和细菌感染。近年来，纳米医学作为一个有前途的领域出现了，为诊断技术提供了重大进展。纳米探针尤其具有优势，例如在检测胃肠道疾病方面具有高特异性和灵敏度。将纳米探针与先进的成像技术（如磁共振、光学荧光成像、断层扫描和光学相关断层扫描）相结合，极大地提高了对胃肠道肿瘤和炎症性肠病（IBD）的检测能力。这种协同作用使胃肠道疾病能够进行早期诊断和精确分期。在研究用于临床应用的纳米颗粒中，超顺磁性氧化铁、量子点、单根碳纳米管和纳米笼已经成为广泛研究和应用的药物。本综述旨在探讨纳米颗粒在现代成像技术中的潜在应用，特别是在促进包括 IBD 和结直肠癌（CRC）在内的一系列胃肠道疾病的早期和特异性诊断方面的作用。此外，我们还讨论了基于纳米技术的胃肠道诊断实施所面临的挑战，并探讨了这一有前途领域的未来转化前景。
