Chaware Prashant, Kumar Brijesh, Patil Sumit, Surya Venkata, Rathinam Bertha, Gandhi Kusum, Patel Manmohan
Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND.
Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jun 30;15(6):e41174. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41174. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Introduction The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are the functional unit that helps to increase the depth of articular surfaces on the head of a tibia for the reception of femoral condyles. Menisci are important for the distribution of load and thus help to reduce stress on the knee joint. The anatomical knowledge of morphology and morphometry of menisci is vital while performing surgeries in cases of meniscal injury. The study aimed to define the variational anatomy of the menisci of the knee joint. Material and Methods Ninety-six cadaveric knees of 48 cadavers were included in the study. Different shapes of both; lateral and medial menisci were recorded. The peripheral lengths and inner lengths of the menisci were measured with the nonelastic cotton thread. Menisci were divided into three parts; anterior, middle, and posterior. The maximum width and thickness of each part of the menisci were measured and documented. Distance between the medial and lateral meniscus in each knee was measured at the anterior and posterior ends. The most anterior and the most posterior part of each meniscus was determined and the distance between these parts of each meniscus was measured and recorded as the distance between two horns. Results Four morphological types of menisci were found; in medial menisci, the most common was crescent‑shaped (53%), and in lateral menisci, the most common shape was c‑shape (62.5%). The average peripheral length of the medial menisci was 92.0 mm and the lateral menisci was 96.08 mm while the average inner length of the medial and lateral meniscus was 56.19 mm and 58.92 mm respectively. The anterior third of the medial as well as lateral meniscus was thinnest while the posterior third was thickest. The width of the medial menisci was less at the anterior end and was more at the posterior ends while the width of the lateral meniscus was almost the same at the anterior, middle, and posterior ends. Conclusion The findings of the present study will be helpful for surgeons while planning and performing surgical procedures and for anatomists during routine teaching.
引言 膝关节的内侧半月板和外侧半月板是一个功能单元，有助于增加胫骨头部关节面的深度，以容纳股骨髁。半月板对于负荷分布很重要，因此有助于减轻膝关节的压力。在进行半月板损伤手术时，半月板形态学和形态测量学的解剖学知识至关重要。本研究旨在明确膝关节半月板的变异解剖结构。
材料与方法 本研究纳入了48具尸体的96个尸体膝关节。记录了外侧和内侧半月板的不同形状。用无弹性棉线测量半月板的外周长度和内部长度。半月板分为三部分：前部、中部和后部。测量并记录半月板各部分的最大宽度和厚度。在每个膝关节的前端和后端测量内侧半月板和外侧半月板之间的距离。确定每个半月板的最前端和最后端，并测量这两部分之间的距离，记录为两角之间的距离。
结果 发现了四种半月板形态类型；在内侧半月板中，最常见的是新月形（53%），在外侧半月板中，最常见的形状是C形（62.5%）。内侧半月板的平均外周长度为92.0毫米，外侧半月板为96.08毫米，而内侧和外侧半月板的平均内部长度分别为56.19毫米和58.92毫米。内侧和外侧半月板的前三分之一最薄，而后三分之一最厚。内侧半月板的宽度在前端较小，在后端较大，而外侧半月板在前端、中部和后端的宽度几乎相同。
结论 本研究结果将有助于外科医生在规划和实施手术过程中，以及解剖学家在日常教学中参考。
