Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2024 May;20(3):846-863. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4822. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Fish serve as indicators of exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)-chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products-which are often designed to impact vertebrates. To investigate fish health and CECs in situ, we evaluated the health of wild fish exposed to CECs in waterbodies across northeastern Minnesota with varying anthropogenic pressures and CEC exposures: waterbodies with no human development along their shorelines, those with development, and those directly receiving treated wastewater effluent. Then, we compared three approaches to evaluate the health of fish exposed to CECs in their natural environment: a refined fish health assessment index, a histopathological index, and high-throughput (ToxCast) in vitro assays. Lastly, we mapped adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) associated with identified ToxCast assays to determine potential impacts across levels of biological organization within the aquatic system. These approaches were applied to subsistence fish collected from the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and 1854 Ceded Territory in 2017 and 2019. Overall, 24 CECs were detected in fish tissues, with all but one of the sites having at least one detection. The combined implementation of these tools revealed that subsistence fish exposed to CECs had histological and macroscopic tissue and organ abnormalities, although a direct causal link could not be established. The health of fish in undeveloped sites was as poor, or sometimes poorer, than fish in developed and wastewater effluent-impacted sites based on gross and histologic tissue lesions. Adverse outcome pathways revealed potential hazardous pathways of individual CECs to fish. A better understanding of how the health of wild fish harvested for consumption is affected by CECs may help prioritize risk management research efforts and can ultimately be used to guide fishery management and public health decisions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:846-863. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
鱼类被用作新兴关注污染物（CECs）暴露的指示剂，这些污染物是指化学物质，如药品、激素和个人护理产品，它们通常旨在影响脊椎动物。为了调查鱼类在受到不同人为压力和 CEC 暴露的情况下的健康和 CEC 状况，我们评估了在明尼苏达州东北部的水体中暴露于 CEC 的野生鱼类的健康状况，这些水体具有不同的人为压力和 CEC 暴露程度：没有人类开发的水体、有开发的水体和直接接受处理过的废水的水体。然后，我们比较了三种方法来评估暴露于自然环境中 CEC 的鱼类的健康状况：改进的鱼类健康评估指数、组织病理学指数和高通量（ToxCast）体外检测。最后，我们将与鉴定的 ToxCast 检测相关的不良结局途径（AOP）映射到水生系统内的生物组织水平，以确定潜在影响。这些方法应用于 2017 年和 2019 年从大波特兰印第安保留地和 1854 年割让领土收集的食用鱼类。总体而言，在鱼类组织中检测到 24 种 CEC，所有地点均有至少一种检测到。这些工具的综合实施表明，暴露于 CEC 的食用鱼类具有组织学和宏观组织和器官异常，尽管不能建立直接的因果关系。根据大体和组织学组织损伤，未开发地点的鱼类健康状况与发达地区和废水影响地区的鱼类一样差，或者有时更差。不良结局途径揭示了个别 CEC 对鱼类的潜在危害途径。更好地了解食用野生鱼类的健康如何受到 CEC 的影响，可能有助于优先考虑风险管理研究工作，最终可用于指导渔业管理和公共卫生决策。《综合环境评估与管理》2024 年；20:846-863。©2023 作者。《综合环境评估与管理》由 Wiley 期刊公司代表环境毒理化学学会（SETAC）出版。
