尼日利亚头颈癌负担的当前证据。
Current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria.
作者信息
da Lilly-Tariah Opubo B, Somefun Abayomi O, Adeyemo Wasiu L
机构信息
Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
出版信息
Head Neck Oncol. 2009 May 28;1:14. doi: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-14.
BACKGROUND
Head and neck cancers (HNC) constitute 5-8% of total body cancers in Europe and America. It is difficult to appreciate the problem of cancers in Nigeria because most studies available are hospital-based studies. The aim of this study is to highlight current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria based on literature review and to discuss potential health care actions to improve management.
METHODS
A literature search using Medline was conducted for publications on head and neck cancer in Nigeria. Identified publications were manually searched for additional relevant non-Medline articles or abstracts. The full-texts of these articles were thoroughly examined for the occurrence, distribution, identified risks factors, presentations, diagnostic method, treatment, prognosis and challenges associated with the management of HNC.
RESULTS
A total of twenty-seven relevant published articles on Head and neck cancers from 1968 to 2008 were reviewed. The age of patients with HNC ranged from nine months to over 80 years with peak between 3-6th decade of life. The male to female ratio ranged from 1:1 to 2.3:1. Identified risks factors were scanty, namely kola nuts and tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking, farming, viral infections, alcohol and smoking. Reports on the overall pattern of Head and neck cancers from different regions of the country cited nasopharynx as the commonest site for HNC, the sino-nasal is the second commonest while larynx, is the third commonly affected site. The majority of HNC was epithelial in origin and was mostly squamous cell carcinoma. Late presentation with advanced disease is common and treatment in most cases is palliative either with surgery or chemotherapy, and radiotherapy when available. There are few reports on the outcome of HNC treatment in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION
The burden of managing HNC in Nigeria is enormous and the government should set up the National Cancer Institute with a view of educating the public on cancer prevention, detection and treatment.
背景
在欧美地区，头颈癌（HNC）占全身癌症的5%-8%。由于现有大多数研究都是基于医院的研究，因此很难了解尼日利亚的癌症问题。本研究的目的是通过文献综述强调尼日利亚头颈癌负担的当前证据，并讨论改善管理的潜在医疗保健行动。
方法
使用Medline进行文献检索，查找关于尼日利亚头颈癌的出版物。对手动检索到的已识别出版物，查找其他相关的非Medline文章或摘要。对这些文章的全文进行全面审查，以了解头颈癌管理相关的发生情况、分布、已识别的风险因素、临床表现、诊断方法、治疗、预后和挑战。
结果
共审查了1968年至2008年发表的27篇关于头颈癌的相关文章。头颈癌患者的年龄从9个月到80多岁不等，高峰年龄在3至6个十年之间。男女比例从1:1到2.3:1不等。已识别的风险因素很少，即食用可乐果和咀嚼烟草、吸烟、务农、病毒感染、饮酒和吸烟。来自该国不同地区的头颈癌总体模式报告称，鼻咽癌是头颈癌最常见的部位，鼻窦癌是第二常见部位，而喉癌是第三常见受累部位。大多数头颈癌起源于上皮组织，主要是鳞状细胞癌。晚期出现晚期疾病很常见，大多数情况下的治疗是姑息性的，要么通过手术或化疗，如有条件则进行放疗。关于尼日利亚头颈癌治疗结果的报告很少。
结论
尼日利亚管理头颈癌的负担巨大，政府应设立国家癌症研究所，以教育公众进行癌症预防、检测和治疗。
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