Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient-IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Aug 1;195(8):1013. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11598-8.
Although wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a fundamental role in protecting the aquatic environment as they prevent organic matter, nutrients and other pollutants from reaching the natural ecosystems, near residential areas they can generate unpleasant smells and noise. The plant studied in the present work is in a seaside tourist area in the Valencian Community, Spain. The main aim was to detect any possible perceptible HS concentrations from the WWTP by experimental measurement campaigns (including sensor readings and olfactometry measurements by two experts) plus mathematical modelling. After a thorough data analysis of the essential variables involved, such as wind speed, wind direction and HS concentrations (the main odorant) and comparing their temporal patterns, it was found that the probability of affecting the residential area was highest from June to August before noon and in the late evening. The hourly HS concentration, influent flow rate and temperature showed a positive correlation, the strongest (R = 0.89) being the relationship between the HS concentration and influent flow rate. These two variables followed a similar daily pattern and indicated that HS was emitted when influent wastewater was being pumped into the biological reactor. The HS median concentration at the source of the emission was below 1393.865 μg/m (1 ppm), although concentrations 10 times higher were occasionally recorded. The observed HS peak-to-mean ratio (1 min to 1 h of integration times) ranged from 1.15 to 16.03. This ratio and its attenuation with distance from the source depended on the atmospheric stability. Both HS concentrations and variability were considerably reduced after submerging the inlet. The AERMOD modelling framework and applying the peak-to-mean ratio were used to map the peak HS concentration and determine the best conditions to eliminate the unpleasant odour.
尽管污水处理厂（WWTP）在防止有机物、营养物和其他污染物进入自然生态系统方面发挥着重要作用，但它们在靠近居民区的地方会产生难闻的气味和噪音。本研究中的污水处理厂位于西班牙瓦伦西亚自治区的一个海滨旅游区。主要目的是通过实验测量活动（包括两名专家的传感器读数和嗅探测量）和数学建模来检测污水处理厂是否存在可察觉的 HS 浓度。在对风速、风向和 HS 浓度（主要气味）等关键变量进行了彻底的数据分析，并比较了它们的时间模式之后，发现从 6 月到 8 月，在中午前和傍晚时分，污水处理厂对居民区产生影响的可能性最高。HS 浓度、进水流量和温度的小时值呈正相关，其中最强的相关性（R = 0.89）是 HS 浓度与进水流量之间的关系。这两个变量具有相似的日变化模式，表明当污水被泵入生物反应器时会排放出 HS。排放源处的 HS 中位数浓度低于 1393.865 μg/m（1 ppm），尽管偶尔会记录到浓度高达 10 倍的情况。观察到的 HS 峰-均值比（1 分钟到 1 小时的积分时间）范围从 1.15 到 16.03。该比值及其随距源距离的衰减取决于大气稳定性。将进水口淹没后，HS 浓度及其变异性都有明显降低。采用 AERMOD 建模框架和应用峰-均值比来绘制 HS 峰值浓度图，并确定消除异味的最佳条件。
