Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jan 1;610-611:583-590. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.209. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
The hydrogen sulphide (HS) levels from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Curitiba, Brazil have been quantified for the first time. HS generated by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in WWTPs is a cause for concern because it is an air pollutant, which can cause eye and respiratory irritation, headaches, and nausea. Considering the requirement for WWTPs in all communities, it is necessary to assess the concentrations and effects of gases such as HS on populations living and/or working near WWTPs. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the indoor and outdoor concentration of HS in the neighbourhood of two WWTPs located in Curitiba, as well as its human health impacts. Between August 2013 and March 2014 eight sampling campaigns were performed using passive samplers and the analyses were carried out by spectrophotometry, presenting mean concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 32μgm. Eleven points at WWTP-A reported HS average concentrations above the WHO recommendation of 10μgm, and 15 points above the US EPA guideline of 2μgm. At WWTP-B the HS concentration was above US EPA guideline at all the sampling points. The I/O ratio on the different sampling sites showed accumulation of indoor HS in some instances and result in exacerbating the exposure of the residents. The highest HS concentrations were recorded during the summer in houses located closest to the sewage treatment stations, and towards the main wind direction, showing the importance of these factors when planning a WWTP. Lifetime risk assessments of hydrogen sulphide exposure showed a significant non-carcinogenic adverse health risk for local residents and workers, especially those close to anaerobic WWTPs. The data indicated that WWTPs operated under these conditions should be recognized as a significant air pollution source, putting local populations at risk.
首次对巴西库里蒂巴市污水处理厂（WWTP）的硫化氢（HS）水平进行了量化。WWTP 中有机物厌氧分解产生的 HS 令人担忧，因为它是一种空气污染物，会刺激眼睛和呼吸道，引起头痛和恶心。考虑到所有社区都需要 WWTP，因此有必要评估 HS 等气体在 WWTP 附近生活和/或工作的人群的浓度和影响。本研究的主要目的是评估位于库里蒂巴的两个 WWTP 附近的室内和室外 HS 浓度及其对人类健康的影响。2013 年 8 月至 2014 年 3 月期间，使用被动采样器进行了八次采样活动，并通过分光光度法进行了分析，结果表明平均浓度范围在 0.14 至 32μgm 之间。WWTP-A 的 11 个点报告的 HS 平均浓度高于世界卫生组织推荐的 10μgm，15 个点高于美国环保署规定的 2μgm。在 WWTP-B，所有采样点的 HS 浓度均高于美国环保署的指导值。不同采样点的 I/O 比值表明，室内 HS 会在某些情况下积累，从而加剧居民的暴露。在距离污水处理站最近的房屋中，以及在主要风向处，夏季记录到的 HS 浓度最高，这表明在规划 WWTP 时，这些因素非常重要。HS 暴露的终生风险评估显示，当地居民和工人，尤其是靠近厌氧 WWTP 的居民和工人面临着显著的非致癌性健康风险。这些数据表明，在这种条件下运行的 WWTP 应被视为重要的空气污染源，使当地居民面临风险。
