Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Odontology. 2024 Jan;112(1):27-50. doi: 10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivary ionomics for caries diagnosis. An extensive search of studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any language and year restriction for answering the following PECO question: "In subjects (i.e., children, adolescents, or adults) with good systematic health, are there any variations in the salivary concentrations of trace- or macro-elements between caries-free (CF) individuals and caries-active (CA) subjects?" A modified version of the QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Review Manager Version 5.4.1. was used for data analyses. The analysis of salivary chemical elements that significantly differed between CF and CA subjects was also performed. Thirty-four studies were included, involving 2299 CA and 1669 CF subjects, having an age range from 3 to 64 years in over 16 countries. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc between CA and CF subjects, suggesting higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in CF subjects while higher levels of chloride, magnesium, and zinc in CA patients. Half of the included studies (17/34) were considered high quality, while the remaining half were considered medium quality. Only zinc and chloride ions were found to be higher significantly and consistent in CF and CA subjects, respectively. Conflicting outcomes were observed for all other salivary chemical elements including aluminum, bromine, calcium, copper, fluoride, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and sulfate ions.
痕量和宏量化学元素对细胞生理功能至关重要，其在生物体液中的变化可能与潜在的病理状态有关。因此，本研究旨在检查和总结有关唾液离子组学用于龋齿诊断的已发表文献。使用 PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Scopus 广泛搜索研究，不限制语言和年份，以回答以下 PECO 问题：“在系统健康状况良好的受试者（即儿童、青少年或成年人）中，龋齿患者（CA）和无龋齿者（CF）之间的唾液痕量或宏量元素浓度是否存在差异？” 使用经过修改的 QUADOMICS 工具评估纳入研究的质量。使用 Review Manager Version 5.4.1 进行数据分析。还对 CF 和 CA 受试者之间唾液化学元素浓度有显著差异的进行了分析。纳入了 34 项研究，涉及 2299 名 CA 和 1669 名 CF 受试者，年龄范围为 3 至 64 岁，分布在 16 个以上的国家。荟萃分析显示 CA 和 CF 受试者之间唾液钙、磷、氯、镁、钾、钠和锌水平存在统计学显著差异（p<0.05），提示 CF 受试者的钙、磷、钾和钠水平较高，而 CA 患者的氯、镁和锌水平较高。纳入的 34 项研究中，有一半（17/34）被认为是高质量的，另一半被认为是中等质量的。只有锌和氯离子在 CF 和 CA 患者中分别被发现显著升高且一致。观察到所有其他唾液化学元素（包括铝、溴、钙、铜、氟化物、铁、钾、镁、锰、钠、氨、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷、铅、硒和硫酸盐离子）的结果都存在冲突。
