Dupont Nathan, Gabardos Lucas, Arrouas Floriane, Chatelain Gabriel, Arnal Maxime, Billy Juliette, Schlagheck Peter, Peaudecerf Bruno, Guéry-Odelin David
Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, UMR 5589, Fédération de Recherche Matière et Interactions, Université Toulouse 3, CNRS, Toulouse, CEDEX 09 31062, France.
Complex and Entangled Systems from Atoms to Materials Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Aug 8;120(32):e2300980120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2300980120. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
In quantum gases, two-body interactions are responsible for a variety of instabilities that depend on the characteristics of both trapping and interactions. These instabilities can lead to the appearance of new structures or patterns. We report on the Floquet engineering of such a parametric instability, on a Bose-Einstein condensate held in a time-modulated optical lattice. The modulation triggers a destabilization of the condensate into a state exhibiting a density modulation with a new spatial periodicity. This new crystal-like order, which shares characteristic correlation properties with a supersolid, directly depends on the modulation parameters: The interplay between the Floquet spectrum and interactions generates narrow and adjustable instability regions, leading to the growth, from quantum or thermal fluctuations, of modes with a density modulation noncommensurate with the lattice spacing. This study demonstrates the production of metastable exotic states of matter through Floquet engineering and paves the way for further studies of dissipation in the resulting phase and of similar phenomena in other geometries.
在量子气体中，两体相互作用会引发多种不稳定性，这些不稳定性取决于捕获和相互作用的特性。这些不稳定性会导致新结构或模式的出现。我们报告了在时间调制光学晶格中捕获的玻色 - 爱因斯坦凝聚体上对这种参量不稳定性的弗洛凯工程。这种调制触发凝聚体失稳，进入一种呈现具有新空间周期性的密度调制的状态。这种新的类晶体秩序与超固体具有共同的特征关联特性，它直接取决于调制参数：弗洛凯频谱与相互作用之间的相互作用产生狭窄且可调的不稳定性区域，导致从量子或热涨落中生长出密度调制与晶格间距不匹配的模式。这项研究展示了通过弗洛凯工程产生亚稳态奇异物质状态，并为进一步研究所得相中的耗散以及其他几何结构中的类似现象铺平了道路。
