Department of Language and Culture, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Apr;56(4):3504-3522. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02176-4. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
Online research methods have the potential to facilitate equitable accessibility to otherwise-expensive research resources, as well as to more diverse populations and language combinations than currently populate our studies. In psycholinguistics specifically, webcam-based eye tracking is emerging as a powerful online tool capable of capturing sentence processing effects in real time. The present paper asks whether webcam-based eye tracking provides the necessary granularity to replicate effects-crucially both large and small-that tracker-based eye tracking has shown. Using the Gorilla Experiment Builder platform, this study set out to replicate two psycholinguistic effects: a robust one, the verb semantic constraint effect, first reported in Altmann and Kamide, Cognition 73(3), 247-264 (1999), and a smaller one, the lexical interference effect, first examined by Kukona et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(2), 326 (2014). Webcam-based eye tracking was able to replicate both effects, thus showing that its functionality is not limited to large effects. Moreover, the paper also reports two approaches to computing statistical power and discusses the differences in their outputs. Beyond discussing several important methodological, theoretical, and practical implications, we offer some further technical details and advice on how to implement webcam-based eye-tracking studies. We believe that the advent of webcam-based eye tracking, at least in respect of the visual world paradigm, will kickstart a new wave of more diverse studies with more diverse populations.
在线研究方法有可能促进公平获取原本昂贵的研究资源，以及比目前我们的研究更广泛的人群和语言组合。具体在心理语言学中，基于网络摄像头的眼动追踪作为一种强大的在线工具正在兴起，能够实时捕捉句子处理效应。本文探讨了基于网络摄像头的眼动追踪是否能够复制基于追踪器的眼动追踪已经显示出的效应，包括重要的大效应和小效应。本研究使用 Gorilla Experiment Builder 平台，旨在复制两个心理语言学效应：一个是强有力的动词语义约束效应，最初由 Altmann 和 Kamide 在《认知》杂志 73（3），247-264 页（1999 年）中报道，另一个是较小的词汇干扰效应，最初由 Kukona 等人在《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知》第 40 卷，326 页（2014 年）中研究。基于网络摄像头的眼动追踪能够复制这两个效应，表明其功能不仅限于大效应。此外，本文还报告了两种计算统计功效的方法，并讨论了它们输出的差异。除了讨论一些重要的方法、理论和实践意义外，我们还提供了一些关于如何实施基于网络摄像头的眼动追踪研究的进一步技术细节和建议。我们相信，基于网络摄像头的眼动追踪的出现，至少在视觉世界范式方面，将引发更多具有更多样化人群的更多样化研究的新浪潮。
