Chen Qingrong, Huang Xin, Bai Le, Xu Xiaodong, Yang Yiming, Tanenhaus Michael K
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2017 Apr;24(2):510-518. doi: 10.3758/s13423-016-1119-1.
Recent studies have demonstrated that when contextual diversity is controlled token word frequency has minimal effects on visual word recognition. With the exception of a single experiment by Plummer, Perea, & Rayner (2014, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 275-283), those studies have examined words in isolation. The current studies address two potential limitations of the Plummer et al. experiment. First, because Plummer et al. used different sentence frames for words in different conditions, the effects might be due to uncontrolled differences on the sentences. Second, the absence of a frequency effect might be attributed to comparing higher and lower frequency words within a limited range. Three eye-tracking experiments examined effects of contextual diversity and frequency on Mandarin Chinese, a logographic language, for words embedded in the normal sentences. In Experiment 1, yoked words were rotated through the same sentence frame. Experiments 2a and 2b used a design similar to Plummer et al., which allows use of a larger sample of words to compare results between experiments with a smaller and larger difference in log frequency (0.41 and 1.06, respectively). In all three experiments, first-pass and later eye movement measures were significantly shorter for targets with higher contextual diversity than for targets with lower contextual diversity, with no effects of frequency.
最近的研究表明，当上下文多样性得到控制时，词元词频对视觉单词识别的影响微乎其微。除了普卢默、佩雷亚和雷纳（2014年，《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆与认知》，第40卷，第275 - 283页）的一项实验外，这些研究都是孤立地研究单词。当前的研究解决了普卢默等人实验的两个潜在局限性。首先，由于普卢默等人在不同条件下对单词使用了不同的句子框架，其影响可能归因于句子中未得到控制的差异。其次，频率效应的缺失可能归因于在有限范围内比较高频和低频单词。三项眼动追踪实验研究了上下文多样性和频率对汉语（一种表意文字）中嵌入正常句子的单词的影响。在实验1中，配对词在相同的句子框架中轮换。实验2a和2b采用了与普卢默等人相似的设计，这使得能够使用更大的单词样本，以比较对数频率差异较小（分别为0.41）和较大（为1.06）的实验结果。在所有这三项实验中，上下文多样性较高的目标词的首次注视和后续眼动测量时间显著短于上下文多样性较低的目标词，且不存在频率效应。
